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Diseases 2017 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Colorado Tick fever caused by?

A

adult tick - Dermacentor andersoni
Dengue-like disease

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2
Q

What is encephalitis?

A

inflammation of the brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

What causes easter equine encephalitis?

A

mosquito - Culiseta melanura
acquired from wild birds, rodents

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4
Q

What causes St. Louis encephalitis?

A

mosquito - Culex tarsalis, Culix pipens
acquired from wild birds

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5
Q

What causes Western Equine encephalitis?

A

mosquito - Culex tarsalis
acquired from wild birds, rodents
found west of US rockies

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6
Q

What causes the West Nile Virus?

A

mosquito - Culex tarsalis
acquired from wild birds, rodents
found west of US rockies

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7
Q

How is Hepatitis A spread? What is the incubation period? How can you prevent it?

A

fecal/oral transmission
worst offenders are ready-to-eat foods
avg incubation 4-6 weeks
prevention - good sanitation, thoroughly cooked food, avoid shellfish (raw oysters)

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8
Q

What causes Hepatitis B?

A

blood borne
transfusions and sharing drug needles

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9
Q

What causes Hepatits C?
What is the incubation period?

A

blood borne
transfusions and sharing drug needles
10-20 yr incubation
main reason for liver transplants

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10
Q

What carries rabies?
What are the symptoms?
Incubation period?

A

bats, skuns, etc
headache, fever, paralysis, foaming, hydrophobia. later stages attack CNS
3-6 weeks

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11
Q

What are rabies treatment options and how is rabies verified?

A

duck embryo vaccine
rabies immune globulin
verified by examining brain for negri bodies

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12
Q

What causes Yellow fever? Symptoms? Famous case?

A

mosquitoes - Aedes aegypti
dengue-like
1900s Panama Canal epidemic

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13
Q

Describe the Hantavirus

A

deer mice are a vector
CDC level 4 disease
aerosol transmission of rodent excreta
prevention is rodent control

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14
Q

How is Vibrio Cholerae spread?
What are symptoms?
Incubation period?

A

fecal-oral
profuse watery diarrhea
2-3 day inc

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15
Q

How is Vibrio Parahemolyticusspread?
Incubation period?

A

contamination of raw foods of marine origin
<1 day inc

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16
Q

What is Psittacosis Chlamydia? How is it spready? Incubation?

A

Parrot fever
aerosolized inhalation infection
4-15 days in

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17
Q

What is Bacillus Anthracis?
How is it spread?
How can you disinfect?
Incubation?

A

Anthrax, spore forming
farm animal hides and soil, aerosol
prevention - control dust in hide processing
disinfect by using 10% formalin solution and 110F for 4 hours - process germinates spores and kills with formalin
2-5 day incubation

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18
Q

Describe the plague

A

bubonic plague - lymph, non-contagious
rat flea Xenophylla cheopis reservoir
pneumonic plague - contagious, deadlier, 50% fatal
2-6 day inc

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19
Q

What does Francisella Tularensis cause?
What is the carrier?
Incubation?
Symptoms?

A

Tularemia aka Rabbit/Deer fever
deerfly, non-moving ponds
1-10 day incubation
cut/abrasion ulceration, swelling, pain, intestinal pain

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20
Q

What does Brucellae cause? Names for different animals? How is it tested for?

A

Brucellosis
Humans - Undulant fever
Cattle - Bangs disease
Dogs - Kennel cough
tested with blue milk ring test

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21
Q

Define food infection
Give examples

A

caused by eating food containing live pathogenic organisms
fever, longer onset time, infects and grows in body
ex: Salmonella typhi, Listeria, Camp Jejuni

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22
Q

Define food intoxication
Give examples

A

caused by eating food containing a chemical hazard or toxic
no fever, faster, grows on food, produces toxin byproduct
ex: staph aureus, bacillus cereus, clostridium botulinum

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23
Q

Define toxin-mediated infection
Give examples

A

caused by eating food containing live pathogenic organisms that reproduce within the intestines and produce a toxin
same as enterotoxin
ex: E. coli, clostridium perfringens

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24
Q

Describe bacillus cereus
How is it a threat?
How can it be avoided?
Incubation?
What is it commonly associated with?

A

spore forming soil anaerobe
forms two enterotoxins - heat stable causes vomiting, heat labile causes diarrhea
50% of foods can be contaminated
prev: hold cooked foods out of danger zone (41-135F), refrigerated foods should be reheated quickly to 165F
12-24 hrs inc
associated with grains - rice and pasta

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25
Describe Clostridium botulinum What is it associated with? How can it be avoided? Describe classifications of outbreaks What disease does it cause? Incubation?
anaerobic, neutral pH, produces exotoxin that is a neurotoxin found in canned foods, smoked salmon, honey toxin is heat labile by boiling for 15 mins Outbreaks: A - more lethal than B or E E - Seafood G - sudden death causes floppy baby syndrome inc 12-36 hours
26
Describe Clostridium perfringens Where is it found? How do you prevent?
spore forming anaerobe prefers meat but is found everywhere, cafeteria bacteria - mexican frijoles entero/exotoxin, heat labile control with rapid cooling of meat, stir and cool in portions
27
Describe salmonella How is it transferred? Where is it found? Incubation period? What temp to kill?
salmonella typherius bacteria rod, non-spore, gram neg fecal/oral turtles and pets can be carriers, also found in eggs and poultry 1 day onset heat labile 130F
28
Describe salmonella typhi How does someone get it? How is it spread? Incubation period?
typhoid fever contracted thru contact with carrier, shellfish, water, fruit, veggies, dairy spread fecal/oral - kids, pets, reptiles 1-3 week incubation
29
Describe Shigellosis bacteria How is it spread? Destroyed? Incubation period?
Shigella/Bacillary dysentery heat labile aerobic rod, waterborne, heat labile feces contaminated food, fecal/oral spread 1-7 day incubation
30
Describe Staphylococcus aureus How does it infect people?
most common form of food INTOXICATION heat stabile, always present illness caused from amount of TOXIN, not bacteria entero/exotoxin 4-6 hrs found in picnic foods no fever, nosocomial infection, toxic shock
31
What does E. coli 0157:H7 cause? How is it contracted? What are prevention methods?
Hemolytic uremic syndrome - bloody diarrhea caused by undercooked beef, 2 day incubation period Prevent by cooking beef at 155F (15sec), 150F (60 sec), 145F (3 min)
32
What is the Norwalk virus? How is it spread? Where is it most commonly found?
most common cause of non-bacteria gastroenteritis fecal/oral spread found in water, fish, most common in salad bars heat labile
33
What does streptococcus pyrogenes cause and where is it found?
Scarlet Fever 1-3 days respiratory infection found in food and milk
34
What does Camphylobacter jejuni cause? Where is it found and how does it spread? Incubation?
most common FBI in America, leading cause of diarrhea soil bacteria in livestock intestine cross contamination of veg/meat/milk/water 12-24 hr incubation
35
Where is Vibrio vulnificus found and what does it cause?
raw oyster/seafood liver disorder
36
How is paralytic shellfish poisoning contracted? What are symptoms?
shellfish ingest poisonous dinoflagellate - Gonyalax cantanella - during red tide this is the most potent toxin to man, similar to toxic algae respiratory failure or even death
37
What causes scromboid food poisoning? What are the symptoms?
occurs when a person eats a type of scromboid fish held in temperature danger zone scomboid fish species produce a histamine metabolized by bacteria symptoms - burning taste, dizziness, cramps, diarrhea
38
What is ciguatera toxin? Symptoms?
naturally occurring toxin that accumulates in the tissue of certain kinds of predatory reef fish symptoms - nausea, vomiting, dizziness, chills
39
What is mycobacterium tuberculosis?
caused by exposure of bacilli in airborne droplets from sputum of infected persons prevalent in overcrowded homes increasing possibility of communicability
40
What is Borellia recurrentis known as? How is it contracted? Incubation?
Relapsing fever crushing of tick/louse into bite-wound 8 days
41
What is Legionellosis also known as? What causes it? Incubation period?
Legionaire's disease Pontiac Fever in kids bacteria attaches to moist air in air conditioning units/grocery market mist inhalation 5-6 day onset 1-2 days Pontiac
42
What causes Leptospirosis? Inc?
aka Weil's disease contact with water contaminated by urine of infected animal (rat) UV light can be used to detect urine in food, grease, and fat 4-19 days inc
43
What conditions cause Listeriosis? Who are most susceptible? Incubation?
Listeria can grow at 37F meat, poultry, seafood, and dairy pregnant women and fetuses are most susceptible 3hr - days
44
What is Blastomycosis? How is it contracted?
"Gilchrist Disease" soil/plant/tree bacteria contracted thru inhalation untreated = fatal
45
What is does cadidiasis cause?
thrush/moniliasis/candidosis skin/mucous membranes ulcers/lesions
46
What is coccidiomycosis?
aka Valley fever caused by inhalation of spores from soil/vegetation flu-like symptoms 15-25 days
47
What is histoplasmosis? How is it treated?
Darlings disease soil fungus caused by inhalation of spores treated with 3% formalin disinfect
48
What is Tinea? What causes is?
Ringworm mycotic species of microsporum and trichophyton fungus cause ringworm of scalp, nails, groin, body trichophyton alone causes ringworm of foot - athlete's foot
49
What does Coxiella burneti cause? What is it's significance?
Q fever asymptomatic animals are carriers transmitted airborne considered the most heat tolerant pathogen and is used as a biological indicator in pasteurization of milk
50
What causes Lyme disease and what is an indicator?
tick borne illness a spirochete bacteria bulls eye rash
51
What does Rickettsia Proazeki/Mooseri cause?
endemic typhus murine typhus
52
What does Rickettsia proazeki variation cause?
epidemic typhus/jail house fever lice pediculus humanus killed Napoleon's troops
53
What does Rickettsia rickettsii cause?
rocky mountain spotted fever bite of infected tick - Dermacentor/ambylomma
54
What does Rickettsia tsutsugamushi cause? Incubation period?
scrub typhus mite borne fever/cough 10-12 day inc
55
Describe what scabies is
mite burrows into skin and deposits eggs found in clothes/bedding treated with Eurex cream
56
What does Entameba histolytica cause?
amebic dysentery waterborne two forms: durable infective cyst (ovacyst) or acute amebic dysentery (more fragile trophozite) found in food water and milk
57
What does cryptosporidium cause? How is it prevented? Inc?
cryptosporidiosis ingestion of cysts in fecal contaminated water - cattle runoff resistant to Cl disinfection coagulation removes 90-95% 2-6 month inc
58
Describe giardia lamblia What does it cause? How is it spread? How is it prevented?
Giardiasis flagellate protozoan Giardia lamblia contaminated water from mountain streams can be spread fecal/oral from changing diapers cysts may survive disinfection, organisms can pass through sand filters water must be boiled and disinfected
59
What does Plasmodium vivax cause? Describe indicators of the disease carrier Incubation?
Malaria carried by female anopheles mosquito 45 degree angle standing position two weeks inc
60
What is trypanosomiasis known as and what carries it?
African sleeping sickness tse tse fly
61
What is American trypanosomiasis and what causes it?
Chagas disease cone-nose beetle carrier aka kissing bug bug bites corners of human mouth
62
What is Schistosoma? What causes it? Where is it commonly found? Incubation?
Swimmers itch water contaminated with blood fluke larva developed in fresh water snails common with rice field workers 4-6 weeks inc
63
What is trichinella and how is it prevented?
Intestinal round worm found in meats, especially pork meats should be cooked at 137F for 15 m or 171F until no more pink cysts can also be destroyed by freezing -13F for 10 days or 0F for 20 days chemical treatment is most effective at earlier stages of disease
64
What causes vesicular exanthema and how is it prevented?
pigs consume infected garbage cook garbage at 212 F for 30 mins prior to feeding
65
What causes onchocera volvulus?
aka River blindness bite of female blackflies lay eggs in swift moving streams blackflies ingest microfilariae larvae form and enter wound of bite nematode enters optic nerve causing blindness
66
What is taeniasus?
tapeworm
67
What does tania solium cause? Where is it found?
found in pork eggs hatch in small intestines and migrate to striated muscles, eyes, CNS, heart
68
Where is taenia saginata found?
beef stays in digestive system unlike solium
69
What is wuchereria? How is it transmitted?
Elephantitis nematode worm wuchereria bancrofti infects and remains in lymphatic system of host transferred with bite of infected mosquito harboring larvae

REHS (47 decks)

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