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REHS > Diseases 2017 > Flashcards

Diseases 2017 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Colorado Tick fever caused by?

A

adult tick - Dermacentor andersoni
Dengue-like disease

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2
Q

What is encephalitis?

A

inflammation of the brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

What causes easter equine encephalitis?

A

mosquito - Culiseta melanura
acquired from wild birds, rodents

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4
Q

What causes St. Louis encephalitis?

A

mosquito - Culex tarsalis, Culix pipens
acquired from wild birds

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5
Q

What causes Western Equine encephalitis?

A

mosquito - Culex tarsalis
acquired from wild birds, rodents
found west of US rockies

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6
Q

What causes the West Nile Virus?

A

mosquito - Culex tarsalis
acquired from wild birds, rodents
found west of US rockies

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7
Q

How is Hepatitis A spread? What is the incubation period? How can you prevent it?

A

fecal/oral transmission
worst offenders are ready-to-eat foods
avg incubation 4-6 weeks
prevention - good sanitation, thoroughly cooked food, avoid shellfish (raw oysters)

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8
Q

What causes Hepatitis B?

A

blood borne
transfusions and sharing drug needles

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9
Q

What causes Hepatits C?
What is the incubation period?

A

blood borne
transfusions and sharing drug needles
10-20 yr incubation
main reason for liver transplants

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10
Q

What carries rabies?
What are the symptoms?
Incubation period?

A

bats, skuns, etc
headache, fever, paralysis, foaming, hydrophobia. later stages attack CNS
3-6 weeks

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11
Q

What are rabies treatment options and how is rabies verified?

A

duck embryo vaccine
rabies immune globulin
verified by examining brain for negri bodies

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12
Q

What causes Yellow fever? Symptoms? Famous case?

A

mosquitoes - Aedes aegypti
dengue-like
1900s Panama Canal epidemic

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13
Q

Describe the Hantavirus

A

deer mice are a vector
CDC level 4 disease
aerosol transmission of rodent excreta
prevention is rodent control

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14
Q

How is Vibrio Cholerae spread?
What are symptoms?
Incubation period?

A

fecal-oral
profuse watery diarrhea
2-3 day inc

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15
Q

How is Vibrio Parahemolyticusspread?
Incubation period?

A

contamination of raw foods of marine origin
<1 day inc

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16
Q

What is Psittacosis Chlamydia? How is it spready? Incubation?

A

Parrot fever
aerosolized inhalation infection
4-15 days in

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17
Q

What is Bacillus Anthracis?
How is it spread?
How can you disinfect?
Incubation?

A

Anthrax, spore forming
farm animal hides and soil, aerosol
prevention - control dust in hide processing
disinfect by using 10% formalin solution and 110F for 4 hours - process germinates spores and kills with formalin
2-5 day incubation

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18
Q

Describe the plague

A

bubonic plague - lymph, non-contagious
rat flea Xenophylla cheopis reservoir
pneumonic plague - contagious, deadlier, 50% fatal
2-6 day inc

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19
Q

What does Francisella Tularensis cause?
What is the carrier?
Incubation?
Symptoms?

A

Tularemia aka Rabbit/Deer fever
deerfly, non-moving ponds
1-10 day incubation
cut/abrasion ulceration, swelling, pain, intestinal pain

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20
Q

What does Brucellae cause? Names for different animals? How is it tested for?

A

Brucellosis
Humans - Undulant fever
Cattle - Bangs disease
Dogs - Kennel cough
tested with blue milk ring test

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21
Q

Define food infection
Give examples

A

caused by eating food containing live pathogenic organisms
fever, longer onset time, infects and grows in body
ex: Salmonella typhi, Listeria, Camp Jejuni

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22
Q

Define food intoxication
Give examples

A

caused by eating food containing a chemical hazard or toxic
no fever, faster, grows on food, produces toxin byproduct
ex: staph aureus, bacillus cereus, clostridium botulinum

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23
Q

Define toxin-mediated infection
Give examples

A

caused by eating food containing live pathogenic organisms that reproduce within the intestines and produce a toxin
same as enterotoxin
ex: E. coli, clostridium perfringens

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24
Q

Describe bacillus cereus
How is it a threat?
How can it be avoided?
Incubation?
What is it commonly associated with?

A

spore forming soil anaerobe
forms two enterotoxins - heat stable causes vomiting, heat labile causes diarrhea
50% of foods can be contaminated
prev: hold cooked foods out of danger zone (41-135F), refrigerated foods should be reheated quickly to 165F
12-24 hrs inc
associated with grains - rice and pasta

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25
Q

Describe Clostridium botulinum
What is it associated with?
How can it be avoided?
Describe classifications of outbreaks
What disease does it cause?
Incubation?

A

anaerobic, neutral pH, produces exotoxin that is a neurotoxin
found in canned foods, smoked salmon, honey
toxin is heat labile by boiling for 15 mins
Outbreaks:
A - more lethal than B or E
E - Seafood
G - sudden death
causes floppy baby syndrome
inc 12-36 hours

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26
Q

Describe Clostridium perfringens
Where is it found?
How do you prevent?

A

spore forming anaerobe
prefers meat but is found everywhere, cafeteria bacteria - mexican frijoles
entero/exotoxin, heat labile
control with rapid cooling of meat, stir and cool in portions

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27
Q

Describe salmonella
How is it transferred?
Where is it found?
Incubation period?
What temp to kill?

A

salmonella typherius bacteria
rod, non-spore, gram neg
fecal/oral
turtles and pets can be carriers, also found in eggs and poultry
1 day onset
heat labile 130F

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28
Q

Describe salmonella typhi
How does someone get it?
How is it spread?
Incubation period?

A

typhoid fever
contracted thru contact with carrier, shellfish, water, fruit, veggies, dairy
spread fecal/oral - kids, pets, reptiles
1-3 week incubation

29
Q

Describe Shigellosis bacteria
How is it spread? Destroyed?
Incubation period?

A

Shigella/Bacillary dysentery
heat labile
aerobic rod, waterborne, heat labile
feces contaminated food, fecal/oral spread
1-7 day incubation

30
Q

Describe Staphylococcus aureus
How does it infect people?

A

most common form of food INTOXICATION
heat stabile, always present
illness caused from amount of TOXIN, not bacteria
entero/exotoxin
4-6 hrs
found in picnic foods
no fever, nosocomial infection, toxic shock

31
Q

What does E. coli 0157:H7 cause?
How is it contracted?
What are prevention methods?

A

Hemolytic uremic syndrome - bloody diarrhea
caused by undercooked beef, 2 day incubation period
Prevent by cooking beef at 155F (15sec), 150F (60 sec), 145F (3 min)

32
Q

What is the Norwalk virus?
How is it spread?
Where is it most commonly found?

A

most common cause of non-bacteria gastroenteritis
fecal/oral spread
found in water, fish, most common in salad bars
heat labile

33
Q

What does streptococcus pyrogenes cause and where is it found?

A

Scarlet Fever
1-3 days
respiratory infection
found in food and milk

34
Q

What does Camphylobacter jejuni cause?
Where is it found and how does it spread?
Incubation?

A

most common FBI in America, leading cause of diarrhea
soil bacteria in livestock intestine
cross contamination of veg/meat/milk/water
12-24 hr incubation

35
Q

Where is Vibrio vulnificus found and what does it cause?

A

raw oyster/seafood
liver disorder

36
Q

How is paralytic shellfish poisoning contracted?
What are symptoms?

A

shellfish ingest poisonous dinoflagellate - Gonyalax cantanella - during red tide
this is the most potent toxin to man, similar to toxic algae
respiratory failure or even death

37
Q

What causes scromboid food poisoning?
What are the symptoms?

A

occurs when a person eats a type of scromboid fish held in temperature danger zone
scomboid fish species produce a histamine metabolized by bacteria
symptoms - burning taste, dizziness, cramps, diarrhea

38
Q

What is ciguatera toxin?
Symptoms?

A

naturally occurring toxin that accumulates in the tissue of certain kinds of predatory reef fish
symptoms - nausea, vomiting, dizziness, chills

39
Q

What is mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A

caused by exposure of bacilli in airborne droplets from sputum of infected persons
prevalent in overcrowded homes increasing possibility of communicability

40
Q

What is Borellia recurrentis known as?
How is it contracted?
Incubation?

A

Relapsing fever
crushing of tick/louse into bite-wound
8 days

41
Q

What is Legionellosis also known as?
What causes it?
Incubation period?

A

Legionaire’s disease
Pontiac Fever in kids
bacteria attaches to moist air in air conditioning units/grocery market mist
inhalation
5-6 day onset
1-2 days Pontiac

42
Q

What causes Leptospirosis?
Inc?

A

aka Weil’s disease
contact with water contaminated by urine of infected animal (rat)
UV light can be used to detect urine in food, grease, and fat
4-19 days inc

43
Q

What conditions cause Listeriosis?
Who are most susceptible?
Incubation?

A

Listeria can grow at 37F
meat, poultry, seafood, and dairy
pregnant women and fetuses are most susceptible
3hr - days

44
Q

What is Blastomycosis? How is it contracted?

A

“Gilchrist Disease”
soil/plant/tree bacteria
contracted thru inhalation
untreated = fatal

45
Q

What is does cadidiasis cause?

A

thrush/moniliasis/candidosis
skin/mucous membranes
ulcers/lesions

46
Q

What is coccidiomycosis?

A

aka Valley fever
caused by inhalation of spores from soil/vegetation
flu-like symptoms
15-25 days

47
Q

What is histoplasmosis?
How is it treated?

A

Darlings disease
soil fungus
caused by inhalation of spores
treated with 3% formalin disinfect

48
Q

What is Tinea? What causes is?

A

Ringworm
mycotic species of microsporum and trichophyton fungus cause ringworm of scalp, nails, groin, body
trichophyton alone causes ringworm of foot - athlete’s foot

49
Q

What does Coxiella burneti cause?
What is it’s significance?

A

Q fever
asymptomatic animals are carriers
transmitted airborne
considered the most heat tolerant pathogen and is used as a biological indicator in pasteurization of milk

50
Q

What causes Lyme disease and what is an indicator?

A

tick borne illness
a spirochete bacteria
bulls eye rash

51
Q

What does Rickettsia Proazeki/Mooseri cause?

A

endemic typhus
murine typhus

52
Q

What does Rickettsia proazeki variation cause?

A

epidemic typhus/jail house fever
lice pediculus humanus
killed Napoleon’s troops

53
Q

What does Rickettsia rickettsii cause?

A

rocky mountain spotted fever
bite of infected tick - Dermacentor/ambylomma

54
Q

What does Rickettsia tsutsugamushi cause?
Incubation period?

A

scrub typhus
mite borne
fever/cough
10-12 day inc

55
Q

Describe what scabies is

A

mite burrows into skin and deposits eggs
found in clothes/bedding
treated with Eurex cream

56
Q

What does Entameba histolytica cause?

A

amebic dysentery
waterborne
two forms: durable infective cyst (ovacyst) or acute amebic dysentery (more fragile trophozite)
found in food water and milk

57
Q

What does cryptosporidium cause?
How is it prevented?
Inc?

A

cryptosporidiosis
ingestion of cysts in fecal contaminated water - cattle runoff
resistant to Cl disinfection
coagulation removes 90-95%
2-6 month inc

58
Q

Describe giardia lamblia
What does it cause?
How is it spread?
How is it prevented?

A

Giardiasis
flagellate protozoan Giardia lamblia
contaminated water from mountain streams
can be spread fecal/oral from changing diapers
cysts may survive disinfection, organisms can pass through sand filters
water must be boiled and disinfected

59
Q

What does Plasmodium vivax cause?
Describe indicators of the disease carrier
Incubation?

A

Malaria
carried by female anopheles mosquito
45 degree angle standing position
two weeks inc

60
Q

What is trypanosomiasis known as and what carries it?

A

African sleeping sickness
tse tse fly

61
Q

What is American trypanosomiasis and what causes it?

A

Chagas disease
cone-nose beetle carrier aka kissing bug
bug bites corners of human mouth

62
Q

What is Schistosoma?
What causes it?
Where is it commonly found?
Incubation?

A

Swimmers itch
water contaminated with blood fluke larva
developed in fresh water snails
common with rice field workers
4-6 weeks inc

63
Q

What is trichinella and how is it prevented?

A

Intestinal round worm
found in meats, especially pork
meats should be cooked at 137F for 15 m or 171F until no more pink
cysts can also be destroyed by freezing -13F for 10 days or 0F for 20 days
chemical treatment is most effective at earlier stages of disease

64
Q

What causes vesicular exanthema and how is it prevented?

A

pigs consume infected garbage
cook garbage at 212 F for 30 mins prior to feeding

65
Q

What causes onchocera volvulus?

A

aka River blindness
bite of female blackflies
lay eggs in swift moving streams
blackflies ingest microfilariae
larvae form and enter wound of bite
nematode enters optic nerve causing blindness

66
Q

What is taeniasus?

A

tapeworm

67
Q

What does tania solium cause?
Where is it found?

A

found in pork
eggs hatch in small intestines and migrate to striated muscles, eyes, CNS, heart

68
Q

Where is taenia saginata found?

A

beef
stays in digestive system unlike solium

69
Q

What is wuchereria?
How is it transmitted?

A

Elephantitis
nematode worm wuchereria bancrofti infects and remains in lymphatic system of host
transferred with bite of infected mosquito harboring larvae

REHS (47 decks)

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