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REHS > Chemical Factors - Komura > Flashcards

Chemical Factors - Komura Flashcards

1
Q

What are the six allergens?

A

Pollen
Fungi
Insects
House dust
Foods
Chemical sensitizers

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2
Q

What are the three types of metals we are concerned about?

A

Alkali metals
Alkali earth metals
Transitional metals

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3
Q

What are the three alkali metals?

A

Lithium (Li)
Sodium (Na)
Potassium (K)

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4
Q

Lithium
1. Where is it found?
2. What are the health effects?

A
  1. removed trace gasses from vacuum tubes, desulfurizer, catalyst, hardeners
  2. skin and respiratory irritants
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5
Q

Sodium
1. Where is it found?
2. What are the health effects?

A
  1. vapor lights, tetraethyl lead alloys
  2. hydroxides are caustic (NaOH) , nitrates are preservatives (NaNO3), explosives and fireworks (Na2C2O4), peroxides are irritants and corrosive (Na2O2)
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6
Q

Potassium
1. Where is it found?
2. What are the health effects?

A
  1. Vapor lights, tetraethyl lead alloys
  2. Hydroxides are caustive, nitrates are preservatives, explosives
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7
Q

What are the four alkali earth metals?

A
  1. Beryllium (Be)
  2. Magnesium (Mg)
  3. Strontium (Sr)
  4. Barium (Ba)
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8
Q

Beryllium
1. Where is it found?
2. What are the health effects?

A
  1. fume or dust phosphor lites, non-spark alloy
  2. pneumonitis, cyanosis, chronic breathing, cardiac failure
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9
Q

Magnesium
1. Where is it found?
2. What are the health effects?

A
  1. silicates, light metals alloys
  2. leukocytes, fume fever
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10
Q

Strontium
1. Where is it found?
2. What are the health effects?

A
  1. flares, luminous paint
  2. fires, bone-seeker d
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11
Q

What is bone seeker?

A

An element, often a radioisotope, that tends to accumulate in bones of animals and humans

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12
Q

Barium
1. Where is it found?
2. What are the health effects?

A
  1. oil and gas drilling
  2. baritosis pneumonitis
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13
Q

What are the four transitional metals?

A
  1. Iron salts
  2. Chromic acid
  3. Manganese
  4. Cobalt
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14
Q

Iron salts
1. Where is it found?
2. What are the health effects?

A
  1. mining and welding
  2. “siderosis,” pneumonia and emphysema, fume fever, respiratory irritant
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15
Q

Chromic acid
1. Where is it found?
2. What are the health effects?

A
  1. nichrome heating elements, plating
  2. spastic and physiological symptoms, pneumonitis
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16
Q

Cobalt
Where is it found?

A

tungsten carbide industry

17
Q

What are the four straight chain hydrocarbons we are concerned about?

A

Aliphatics
Halogenated aliphatics
Alkenes
Alcohols

18
Q

What does it mean for a molecule to be halogenated?

A

At least one hydrogen molecule is replaced by a halogen (Cl, F, Br - Group VII A of the periodic table)

19
Q

Aliphatics
1. Where are they found?
2. Health effects?

A
  1. fuels, solvents, degreasers
  2. simple asphyxiant, narcotic irritant
20
Q

Halogenated aliphatics
Where are they found?

A

Same as analogs, but non-inflammatory

21
Q

Alkenes
1. Where is it found?
2. What are the health effects?

A
  1. products of cracking, synthetic chemistry; polymerization
  2. simple asphyxiant, anesthetic
22
Q

Alcohols
1. Where is it found?
2. What are the health effects?

A
  1. methanol, solvents, glycols
  2. skin and mucous irritant, CNS depressant, kidney and liver toxin
23
Q

What are the seven Alicyclic hydrocarbons?

A

Mixed hydrocarbons
Aromatics
Halogenated aromatics
NOi-NH:i - Aromatics (Aniline dyes)
Phenolics
Isocyanates
Organophosphates

24
Q

Mixed hydrocarbons
1. Where is it found?
2. What are the health effects?

A
  1. fuels, gasoline
  2. benzene (carcinogenic), narcotic, pneumonitis
25
Q

Aromatics
1. Where is it found?
2. What are the health effects?

A
  1. cooking, solvents, chemical synthesis
  2. respiratory and skin irritation, CNS depression, benzene carcinogen
26
Q

Halogenated aromatics
1. Where is it found?
2. What are the health effects?

A
  1. pesticides and solvents, transformers (PCBs)
  2. hepatoxic, skin and eye irritant
27
Q

NOi-NH:i Aromatics
1. Where is it found?
2. What are the health effects?

A
  1. dyes, explosives
  2. hepatoxic, sensitizers, bladder carcinogen
28
Q

Phenolics
1. Where is it found?
2. What are the health effects?

A
  1. explosives, plastics, fertilizers
  2. strong irritation, cyanotic, kidney and liver
29
Q

Isocyanates (in particular?)
1. Where is it found?
2. What are the health effects?

A

(Toluene diisocyanate)
1. polyurethane plastics, foams, rubbers
2. irritant, respiratory irritant sensitizer, lung function

30
Q

Organophosphates
1. Where is it found?
2. What are the health effects?

A
  1. malathion, parathion, fenthion, diazinon (all insecticides/pesticides)
  2. interferes with acetylcholinesterase enzyme - abdominal pain, headache, blurred vision, tremors, dizziness, weakness, contracted pupils

REHS (47 decks)

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