Solid Waste 2017

Question 1

Define refuse

Answer 1

mixture of organic and inorganic materials
no such thing as “trash”

Question 2

Define rubbish

Answer 2

inorganic material component of refuse
does not break down by decomposition
ex: bottles, cans

Question 3

Define garbage

Answer 3

organic waste material component of refuse
readily breaks down
makes up 50% of refuse

Question 4

What are the three types of landills?

Answer 4

Trench method
Area method
Valley or Ravine method

Question 5

What is the Trench method?

Answer 5

Commonly used in level terrain
Large earth moving equipment digs trenches through excavation
solid waste filled into trench
backfilled and compacted
aka “Cut and Fill” method

Question 6

What is the Area method?

Answer 6

uses side of hill or sloped area
refuse dumped and covered with dirt
most common method in the US
continued until entire slope is leveled

Question 7

What is the Valley or Ravine method?

Answer 7

Landfill located in area with large depressions or slopes such as a valley or ravine
refuse dumped, filled with dirt, and compacted
once leveled or exhausted, can be used as golf course or parks
commonly used by large cities

Question 8

What are the three classifications of landfills?

Answer 8

Class 1 - hazardous materials accepted for disposal
Class 2 - low level hazardous materials accepted for disposal
Class 3 - no hazardous materials accepted

Question 9

What type of soil is used in landfills?

Answer 9

sandy loam is soil choice

Question 10

What are the rules on landfill cover?

Answer 10

Minimum daily cover is 6”
compacted to prevent fly larvae emergence
min final cover is 24”

Question 11

What are the slop rules for landfill cells?

Answer 11

ideal slope 1:2, 50% 26.3 degree angle
final closing slope is 1:3, 33%, 18.3 degree angle

Question 12

What type of decomposition gases do you find in a landfill and where do they come from?

Answer 12

methane
CO2
Hydrogen sulfide
anaerobic decomposition

Question 13

What are the states of a landfill in regards to bacteria?

Answer 13

aerobic state is between 4-60 days
anaerobic state after 60 days

Question 14

What is leachate?

Answer 14

Any liquid waste that comes out of a landfill

Question 15

What are windrows?

Answer 15

Rows of compost piles positioned to allow air to flow through promoting aerobic decomposition

Question 16

What is incineration?

Answer 16

burning of waste products

Question 17

What are the rules of smokeless incinceration?

Answer 17

temp should be maintained at 1500-1800F

Question 18

What are the rules for hospitals with incineration?

Answer 18

incineration of bio-hazards can be set to ideal temp of 1500F
after proper incineration, expect 25% solid residual ash which can be used to enrich soil

Question 19

What are the landfill setback requirements?

Answer 19

must be 200’ min from lakes/streams
must be 500’ from human habitation (communities)
citing landfill sites should be for duration of at least 20/40 years

Question 20

What are the classes of soil in order of most to least absorptive? (6)

Answer 20

sand - most absorptive
sandy loam
loam
silt loam
clay loam
clay

Question 21

What would red/brown soil result in in regards to absorption?

Answer 21

typically good water absorption

Question 22

What would blue/black soil result in in regard to absorption?

Answer 22

typically bad perc rates, slow water absorption

Question 23

What would mottled soil result in in regards to soil absorption?

Answer 23

not very good soil for water absorption