Microorganism Diseases Flashcards
What are the diseases caused by Arboviruses?
Equine enchephalitides
Colorado tick fever
Yellow fever
Equine encephalitides
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
- Culex species
- Probably birds, small rodents, reptiles, amphibians
- 5-15 days
- affects brain, spinal cord, meninges; high fever, stupor, spasticity, tremors
Colorado tick fever
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
- Dermacentor andersoni
- small mammals
- 4-5 days
- acute fever, remission and recurrence lasting 2.3 days
Yellow fever
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
- Aedes aegypti
- man, aedeys aegypti, monkeys
- 36 days
- sudden fever onset, headache, nausea, vomiting, jaundice
Infectious hepatitis
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
- Contact, water, milk, food
- man
- 15-50 days, commonly 25
- fever, nausea abdominal pain, necrosis of liver
Poliomyelitis
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
- oral contact, milk
- man
- 7-12 days ranging 3-21
- fever, headache, gastrointestinal disturbance, stiffness of neck and back with or without paralysis
Rabies
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
- Bite of rabid anima, airborne spread from bats to man in caves with many bats
- small carnivores
- 4-6 weeks
- Almost always fatal form of encephalitis, headache, fever, paralysis
What are the members of Pseudomonadales?
Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio parahemolyticus
Vibrio cholerae
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
- water, food (fecal - oral)
- man
- 2-3 days avg
- sudden onset of vomiting, profuse watery diarrhea, dehydration, collapse
Virbio parahemolyticus
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
- contamination of raw foods of marine origin
- seawater, marine life
- 2-48 hours, usually 12 hrs
- abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever
Psittacosis chlamydia (known as what?)
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
Known as Psitticosis/Ornithosis
1. direct contact with infected birds
2. parakeets, parrots, pigeons, other birds
3. 4-15 days
4. fever, headache, early pneumonic involvement
What are the members of the order Eubacterides?
(11 total)
Salmonellae
Salmonella typhi
Shigella
Yersinia pestis
Francisella tularensis
Brucellae
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyrogenes
Bacillus anthracis
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium perfringens
Salmonellae (aka?)
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
(Salmonellosis)
1. food - especially meat pies, poultry, dairy products
2. man, domestic and wild animals
3. 12-24 hours
4. acute infection with sudden abdominal [ain, diarrhea, vomiting, fever
Note: Over 800 serotypes
Salmonella typhi (common name disease?)
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
(Typhoid fever)
1. direct or indirect contact with patient or carrier, raw fruits, vegetables, dairy products, shellfish, and water
2. man, including carriers
3. avg 2 weeks
4. continued fever, slow pulse, ulceration of Peyer’s patches, rose spots on trunk, constipation
Shigella (common name disease?)
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
(Shigellosis) bacillary dysentery
1. food contaminated with feces
2. man
3. 1-7 days, usually less than 4
4. diarrhea, fever, cramps, vomiting
Yersinia pestis (common name?)
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
(Plague)
1. bite of an infective rat flea(Xenopsylla cheopis) or contact or airborne route from infected person
2. wild rodents, rats
3. 2-6 days
4. high fever, fall in blood pressure, rapid pulse, convulsions, coma
What are the three types of plagues and their notable symptoms?
Bubonic - lymph nodes swollen forming characteristic bubols
Pneumonic - transmitted through respiratory droplets and is more fulminating and dangerous
Septicemic - Caused when Y. pestis gets into your blood. Destroys tissues and can cause gangrene and organ failure
Francisella tularensis (common disease?)
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
(Tularemia)
1. innoculation of skin or conjunctive through handling of infected animals, ore through bite of deerfly or tick
2. numerous wild animals
3. 1-10 days, usually 3
4. chills and fever, ulcer at site of infection, swollen lymph nodes
Brucellae (common disease name?)
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
(Brucellosis: Undulant fever)
1. contact with infected animals, especially milk or dairy products
2. cattle, swine, sheep, goats, and horses
3. 5-21 days, highly variable
4. irregular fever, chills, headache - may become chronic over several years
Staphylococcus aureus
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
- direct contact with infected person or indirectly through goods
- man
- food poisoning 1-6 hours
- abrupt severe nausea, cramps, vomiting and diarrhea - no fever
Streptococcus pyrogenes - (general name?)
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
(Strep throat)
1. direct contact, airborne droplet spread, or contaminated food and milk
2. man, including carriers
3. 1-3 days
4. sore throat with other possible complications
How is streptococcus pyrogenes visualized on a cow?
Bovine mastitis (swollen udder)
Consequent transfer to milk
Bacillus anthracis (common name?)
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
(Anthrax)
1. contact with animal tissues including hide and hair products
2. cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, and others
3. less than 4 days
4. skin lesions progressing to tissues, inhalation anthrax is on another card
What are the symptoms of inhalation anthrax?
Begins like upper respiratory infection
fever
shock 3-5 days later
Death
Highly fatal (along with gastrointestinal anthrax) but extremely rare
Clostridium botulinum (common name?)
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
(Botulism)
1. food, especially inadequately canned or processed then eaten without cooking
2. soil, intestinal tract of animals
2. 12-36 hours
4. highly fatal, afebrile intoxication, weakness, dizziness, double vision, death from respiratory or cardiac failure
Clostridium perfringens
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
- foods, especially cooked meat and poultry that has been inadequately cooled
- soil and animal feces
- 8-12 hours
- abdominal pain, diarrhea
Which bacteria is in the Actinomycetales order?
Myobacterium tuberculosis
Myobacterium tuberculosis
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
- contact with patients with open lesions, ingestion of unpasrteurized milk from infected cows
- man, cattle
- 4-6 weeks to show lesions
- chronic disease - primary skin lesions, but this can lead to pulmonary TB- sx on another card
What are the symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis?
arrest and remission
cough
fever
fatigue
weight loss
What are the two bacteria in the Spirochaetales order?
Leptospiro
Borrelia recurrentis
Leptospiro (common name?)
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
Leptosporosis
1. contact with water contaminated by urine of infected animals
2. domestic and wild animals
3. avg 10 days
4. fever, chills, headaches, conjunctivitis, muscular pain
Borrelia recurrentis (common name?)
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
(Relapsing fever)
1. crushing an infective tick or louse into bite-wound or skin abrasion
2. louse-born: man, tick-born: wild rodents
3. 8 days
4. short fever periods alternative with non-fever periods with several relapses, rashes
What are the five pathogenic fungi?
Coccidiomyocosis
Histopiasmosis
Cadidiasis
Blastomycsis
Tinea
Rickettsia rickettsii (common name?)
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
Rock mount spotted fever
1. bite of infected tick - Dermacentor and Amblyomma species
2. rodents, dogs, ticks, rabbits
3. 3-10 days
4. sudden onset of fever lasting about 2 weeks, rash develops on upper and spreads
Coxiella bumeti (common name?)
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
(Q fever)
1. direct airborne and raw milk
2. ticks, wild animals
3. 2-3 weeks
4. sudden onset with chills, headache, weakness, sweating, pneumonitis with mild cough and chest pain
What three bacteria cause Typhus fever?
Rickettsia tsutsuhamushi
Rickettsia prowazeki variance typhi
Rickettsia prowazeki variance prowazeki
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi (common name?)
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
(Scrub typhus)
1. bite of infected larval mites
2. mites and wild rodents
3. 10-12 days
4. onset of fever, headache, trunk lesions, pneumonitis
Rickettsia prowazeki variation typhin (common name?)
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
(Endemic fleaborne typhus fever or Murine typhus)
1. infected fleas Xenopsylla cheopis defecates in bite wound
2. man
3. 6-14 days
4. sudden onset of fever, chills, headache
Rickettsia prowazeki variation prowazeki (common name?)
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
(Epidemic louse-borne typhus fever)
1. body lice Pediculus humanus defecates in bite wound
2. man
3. 12 days
4. sudden onset of fever, chills, headache - more severe than variation typhin
Gonyaulax catenella (common name?)
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
(Paralytic shellfish poisoning, red tide)
1. shellfish, especially mussels and clams, concentrate the toxin
2. ocean
3. less than one hour
4. numbness around lips, incoherent speech, respiratory analysis
This is a type of algae
What are the protazoa we are concerned about?
Entameba histolytica
Giardia lamblia
Plasmodium uivax
Leshmaniasis
Trypanosomiasis
Toxoplasmosis
Entameba histolytica (common name?)
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
(Amebic dysentery, amebiasis)
1. water, raw vegetables, flies, soiled hands
2. man
3. 3-4 weeks
4. mild abdominal discomfort, diarrhea altenating with constipation or chronic or acute diarrhea with mucus and blood - may spread to other organs
Giardia lamblia (common name?)
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
(Giardiasis)
1. water, especially mountain streams and lakes
2. beaver, deer, elk, man
3. 1-14 days
4. chronic diarrhea, attacks duodenum and gall bladder
Plasmodium uivax, Plasmodium falciparum, and others (common name?)
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
3. Incubation period
4. Symptoms
(Malaria)
1. bite of infective Anopholes mosquito
2. man
3. 12-14 days
4. chills, fever, headache, nausea, profuse sweating, cuclic attacks, may become chronic
What are the metazoan parasites we are concerned with?
Trematodes
Cestodes
Nematodes
What are the Trematodes?
Schistosoma
What are the Cestodes?
Taenia
What are the Nematodes?
Necator and Ancylostoma
Enterobius
Ascaris
Trichinella
Onchocera volvuzus
Schistosoma (common name?)
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
(blood fluke)
1. enter skin from water contaminated with urine
2. man - freshwater snails are part of the life cycle
Taenia (common name?
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
(Beef and port tapeworm)
1. ingestion of raw or inadequately cooked meat by fecal oral route
2. man
Necator and Ancylostoma (common name?
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
(Hookworm)
eggs in feces develop in soil then penetrate the skin, usually bare feet
2. man
Enterobius (common name?)
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
(Pinworm)
1. feces to oral route
2. man
Ascaris (common name?)
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
(Roundworm)
1. feces to soil to oral route
2. man
Trichinella (common name?)
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
- ingestion of inadequately cooked meat containing viable trichinae
- swine and many wild animals
Onchocera Volvuzus (common name?)
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
(Onchocerciasis)
1. bite of infected blackflies
2. man
Wuchereria (common name?)
1. Mode of transmission
2. Reservoir
(Filariasis) - this organism is Filaria
1. bite of mosquito harboring organism
2. man
