OSHA, HazMat, HazCOM, TOXICS - Saraniecki Flashcards
What do OSHA regulations not cover?
State, local, military personnel
self employed
What is the role of OSHA?
enforcement agency for workplace safety
NOT ADVICE
legally binding regs, permissible exposure limits
What is the rule regarding recordkeeping or injuries/illnesses?
employers of 11 or more must maintain rxds of such
all employers must report fatality or hospitalization of 3+ people within 8 hours
What is NIOSH?
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Healf
in Dept of Human Health and Services
is a division of CDC
provides research, information, education, and training
no enforcement, just recommendations
What is the hierarchy of Industrial Hygiene controls?
Engineering controls - eliminate or reduce the hazard thru product substitutions, machinery change, ventilation, etc
Administrative controls - limit time exposure thru worker rotation, restricted occupancy, etc
PPE - shield worked from the hazard
What is an employer not required to pay for in regards to PPE?
boots
shoes
creams
non protective eyewear
Describe PPE Level A equipment
moon suit
full face SCBA or air respirator with escape unit
totally encapsulating chemical-protective suit
inner and outer chemical-resistant gloves
chemical-resistant boots with steel toe
2 way radio
When is PPE Level A required?
unknown hazard in confined space - explosion must be ruled out first
hazard identified as requiring such
potential for unexpected splash or immersion
skin contact may me IDLH
Describe PPE Level B equipment
positive pressure full-facepiece SCBA or supplied air respirator
hooded chemical resistant clothing
inner and outer chem resistant gloves
steel toe boots
least amount of protection for unknown biological contaminant
When is Level B PPE used?
when highest level of respiratory protection is needed but lower level of skin protection acceptable
Describe Level C PPE
full or half-face air purifying respirator
hooded clothing
inner and outer glover
chemical protective boots with steel toe
When is Level C PPE required?
less skin and respiratory protection
adequate levels O2
direct contact will not harm the skin or be absorbed
What does Level D PPE provide and when is it used?
no respiratory protection and minimal skin protection
when atmosphere contains no known hazards or threat to chemical splashing
includes coveralls, steel toed boots
What is an air-purifying respirator?
protects against dust and toxic chemicals by filtering the air before it enters the lungs
cartridge or canister fill
you can only use this when the chemical is known
What is a supplied-air respirator or powered-air purifying respirator?
supplies air from remote location
requires 19.5-23.5% O2
What is a self contained breathing apparatus?
provides clean air usually from tank on back
Who certifies respirators?
NIOSH
What is TLV-TWO
Threshold Limit Values/Time Weighted Avg
avg concentration a normal 8 hr workday/40 hr work week exposure amt with no side effects
STEL refers to what
Exposure that needs to be four 15 min periods per day or less separated by one hour
If two or more hazardous substances act on the same organ how are they considered? Separate organ system?
additive
separately
What are the three items required by HazCom?
safety data sheets
container labeling
employee training
Who does HazCom not apply to?
Haz waste
Substances defined by CERCLE
Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation
think NRC training
Who does HazCom not apply to?
Haz waste
Substances defined by CERCLE
Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation
What are labeling requirements according to HazCom?
manufacturer - chem name, manufacturer name and address, hazard warnings
employers - chem name and hazard warnings
exception: portable containers for immediate use within shift
What do the four colors mean on NFPA 704 system?
blue - health hazard
red - fire hazard/flash point
yellow - reactivity
white - specific hazard such as OX for oxidizer
What is ATSDR?
under US Dept of Health and Human services
advisory, non-regulatory
identifies communities exposed to hazardous substances, determines how hazards, and makes recommendations
How is lead toxic?
heavy metal
accumulates in bone and teeth
affects CNS, kidneys, heme synthesis, and behavior-learning
Adults excrete 95%
Children absorb 50%
major source of lead poisoning is household dust
lead based paint still used to paint bridges
How is cadmium toxic?
chemical element
accumulates in liver and kidneys
irritation or respiratory tract, reduced pulmonary function, and cancer
found in batteries, pigments, plastics
How is mercury toxic?
heavy metal
affects kidneys and has neurological effect
few anthropogenic sources except burning coal
Minimata Bay Japan - mercury accumulated in fish, 1200 people affected
How is Chromium toxic?
specifically, hexavalent chromium, Cr (VI)
possible brain tumors, lung disease, found in both ground and surface water
occupational hazard: welders, wood, oil and gas, portland cement, etc
What is Mercury’s cycle in the ecosystem?
66% of elemental inorganic mercury is from coal fired power plants
33% of mercury is from natural sources - volcanoes, forest fires
elemental rain brings down mercury, bacteria can convert to methylmercury - organic
organisms bioaccumulate - fish -> humans
risk to pregnant women and children
What are the asbestos hazards?
mesothelioma - rare lung cancer
asbestosis - chronic inflammatory lung disease
How is silicon dust hazardous?
long term inhalation - Potter’s Rot
100x smaller than ordinary sand
lung carcinogen with no cure
What is the measurement for benzene as a PEL?
action level?
0.75 ppm PEL - permissible exposure limit
0.5 ppm action level
CNS irritant, headaches, nausea, vomiting
What are some examples of herbicide hazards?
choropenoxy compounds, often mixed with fertilizer
Agent Orange - skin, eyes, respiratory irritant, depigmentizes skin, toxic to live kidneys and CNS
TCDD - strongest human dioxin type carcinogen
Chlorace sign of exposure
What are some fungicide hazards?
some contain mercury
Bravo, Draconil, Tuffgard, Captan (all without Hg)
Pentachlorophenol commonly used now group B2 - probable human carcinogen
carious toxicities
What is Brodifacoum?
rodenticide
highly lethal anticoagulant poison
most widely used pesticide
extremely toxic to birds, mammals, fish, man
What is Methyl bromide?
ozone depleting chemical
soil sterilant
Montreal Protocol critical use exception
fumigant for rodents and insects
What does ethylene oxide do?
disinfectant, fumigant, ripener
CNS depressant
Group B1 - probably human carcinogen
Effective inactivator of B. anthracis spores
How is carbon monoxide hazardous?
colorless, odorless, competes with O2 for binding hemoglobin sites
death by asphyxia
one of the 6 primary pollutants
What are the six NAAQS primary pollutants?
CO
particulate matter
ozone
sulfur dioxide
nitrogen dioxide
lead
What is LD50 effective done?
the minimal dose that produces desired effect of a drug or symptom of pollutant
What are the routes of toxin entry from fastest to slowest?
inhalation
ingestion
absorption
What causes heat cramps and how can they be prevented?
electrolyte imbalance
water must be taken every 15 to 20 mins
What are signs of heat exhausting and how to treat?
headache, nausea, vertigo, moist skin
prompt treatment
fluid replacement
What are signs of a heat stroke and what should happen?
medical emergency
confusion, irrational behavior, hot dry skin, temp about 105
What is the difference between heat index, wet bulb globe temp index, and dew point?
heat index - temp and humidity
WBGT - temp, humidity, and solar radiation
dew point - air saturation point, temp when rel humidity 100%
