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REHS > OSHA, HazMat, HazCOM, TOXICS - Saraniecki > Flashcards

OSHA, HazMat, HazCOM, TOXICS - Saraniecki Flashcards

1
Q

What do OSHA regulations not cover?

A

State, local, military personnel
self employed

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2
Q

What is the role of OSHA?

A

enforcement agency for workplace safety
NOT ADVICE
legally binding regs, permissible exposure limits

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3
Q

What is the rule regarding recordkeeping or injuries/illnesses?

A

employers of 11 or more must maintain rxds of such
all employers must report fatality or hospitalization of 3+ people within 8 hours

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4
Q

What is NIOSH?

A

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Healf
in Dept of Human Health and Services
is a division of CDC
provides research, information, education, and training
no enforcement, just recommendations

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5
Q

What is the hierarchy of Industrial Hygiene controls?

A

Engineering controls - eliminate or reduce the hazard thru product substitutions, machinery change, ventilation, etc
Administrative controls - limit time exposure thru worker rotation, restricted occupancy, etc
PPE - shield worked from the hazard

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6
Q

What is an employer not required to pay for in regards to PPE?

A

boots
shoes
creams
non protective eyewear

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7
Q

Describe PPE Level A equipment

A

moon suit
full face SCBA or air respirator with escape unit
totally encapsulating chemical-protective suit
inner and outer chemical-resistant gloves
chemical-resistant boots with steel toe
2 way radio

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8
Q

When is PPE Level A required?

A

unknown hazard in confined space - explosion must be ruled out first
hazard identified as requiring such
potential for unexpected splash or immersion
skin contact may me IDLH

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9
Q

Describe PPE Level B equipment

A

positive pressure full-facepiece SCBA or supplied air respirator
hooded chemical resistant clothing
inner and outer chem resistant gloves
steel toe boots
least amount of protection for unknown biological contaminant

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10
Q

When is Level B PPE used?

A

when highest level of respiratory protection is needed but lower level of skin protection acceptable

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11
Q

Describe Level C PPE

A

full or half-face air purifying respirator
hooded clothing
inner and outer glover
chemical protective boots with steel toe

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12
Q

When is Level C PPE required?

A

less skin and respiratory protection
adequate levels O2
direct contact will not harm the skin or be absorbed

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13
Q

What does Level D PPE provide and when is it used?

A

no respiratory protection and minimal skin protection
when atmosphere contains no known hazards or threat to chemical splashing
includes coveralls, steel toed boots

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14
Q

What is an air-purifying respirator?

A

protects against dust and toxic chemicals by filtering the air before it enters the lungs
cartridge or canister fill
you can only use this when the chemical is known

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15
Q

What is a supplied-air respirator or powered-air purifying respirator?

A

supplies air from remote location
requires 19.5-23.5% O2

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16
Q

What is a self contained breathing apparatus?

A

provides clean air usually from tank on back

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17
Q

Who certifies respirators?

A

NIOSH

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18
Q

What is TLV-TWO

A

Threshold Limit Values/Time Weighted Avg
avg concentration a normal 8 hr workday/40 hr work week exposure amt with no side effects

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19
Q

STEL refers to what

A

Exposure that needs to be four 15 min periods per day or less separated by one hour

20
Q

If two or more hazardous substances act on the same organ how are they considered? Separate organ system?

A

additive
separately

21
Q

What are the three items required by HazCom?

A

safety data sheets
container labeling
employee training

22
Q

Who does HazCom not apply to?

A

Haz waste
Substances defined by CERCLE
Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation

think NRC training

23
Q

Who does HazCom not apply to?

A

Haz waste
Substances defined by CERCLE
Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation

24
Q

What are labeling requirements according to HazCom?

A

manufacturer - chem name, manufacturer name and address, hazard warnings
employers - chem name and hazard warnings
exception: portable containers for immediate use within shift

25
Q

What do the four colors mean on NFPA 704 system?

A

blue - health hazard
red - fire hazard/flash point
yellow - reactivity
white - specific hazard such as OX for oxidizer

26
Q

What is ATSDR?

A

under US Dept of Health and Human services
advisory, non-regulatory
identifies communities exposed to hazardous substances, determines how hazards, and makes recommendations

27
Q

How is lead toxic?

A

heavy metal
accumulates in bone and teeth
affects CNS, kidneys, heme synthesis, and behavior-learning
Adults excrete 95%
Children absorb 50%
major source of lead poisoning is household dust
lead based paint still used to paint bridges

28
Q

How is cadmium toxic?

A

chemical element
accumulates in liver and kidneys
irritation or respiratory tract, reduced pulmonary function, and cancer
found in batteries, pigments, plastics

29
Q

How is mercury toxic?

A

heavy metal
affects kidneys and has neurological effect
few anthropogenic sources except burning coal
Minimata Bay Japan - mercury accumulated in fish, 1200 people affected

30
Q

How is Chromium toxic?

A

specifically, hexavalent chromium, Cr (VI)
possible brain tumors, lung disease, found in both ground and surface water
occupational hazard: welders, wood, oil and gas, portland cement, etc

31
Q

What is Mercury’s cycle in the ecosystem?

A

66% of elemental inorganic mercury is from coal fired power plants
33% of mercury is from natural sources - volcanoes, forest fires
elemental rain brings down mercury, bacteria can convert to methylmercury - organic
organisms bioaccumulate - fish -> humans
risk to pregnant women and children

32
Q

What are the asbestos hazards?

A

mesothelioma - rare lung cancer
asbestosis - chronic inflammatory lung disease

33
Q

How is silicon dust hazardous?

A

long term inhalation - Potter’s Rot
100x smaller than ordinary sand
lung carcinogen with no cure

34
Q

What is the measurement for benzene as a PEL?
action level?

A

0.75 ppm PEL - permissible exposure limit
0.5 ppm action level
CNS irritant, headaches, nausea, vomiting

35
Q

What are some examples of herbicide hazards?

A

choropenoxy compounds, often mixed with fertilizer
Agent Orange - skin, eyes, respiratory irritant, depigmentizes skin, toxic to live kidneys and CNS
TCDD - strongest human dioxin type carcinogen
Chlorace sign of exposure

36
Q

What are some fungicide hazards?

A

some contain mercury
Bravo, Draconil, Tuffgard, Captan (all without Hg)
Pentachlorophenol commonly used now group B2 - probable human carcinogen
carious toxicities

37
Q

What is Brodifacoum?

A

rodenticide
highly lethal anticoagulant poison
most widely used pesticide
extremely toxic to birds, mammals, fish, man

38
Q

What is Methyl bromide?

A

ozone depleting chemical
soil sterilant
Montreal Protocol critical use exception
fumigant for rodents and insects

39
Q

What does ethylene oxide do?

A

disinfectant, fumigant, ripener
CNS depressant
Group B1 - probably human carcinogen
Effective inactivator of B. anthracis spores

40
Q

How is carbon monoxide hazardous?

A

colorless, odorless, competes with O2 for binding hemoglobin sites
death by asphyxia
one of the 6 primary pollutants

41
Q

What are the six NAAQS primary pollutants?

A

CO
particulate matter
ozone
sulfur dioxide
nitrogen dioxide
lead

42
Q

What is LD50 effective done?

A

the minimal dose that produces desired effect of a drug or symptom of pollutant

43
Q

What are the routes of toxin entry from fastest to slowest?

A

inhalation
ingestion
absorption

44
Q

What causes heat cramps and how can they be prevented?

A

electrolyte imbalance
water must be taken every 15 to 20 mins

45
Q

What are signs of heat exhausting and how to treat?

A

headache, nausea, vertigo, moist skin
prompt treatment
fluid replacement

46
Q

What are signs of a heat stroke and what should happen?

A

medical emergency
confusion, irrational behavior, hot dry skin, temp about 105

47
Q

What is the difference between heat index, wet bulb globe temp index, and dew point?

A

heat index - temp and humidity
WBGT - temp, humidity, and solar radiation
dew point - air saturation point, temp when rel humidity 100%

REHS (47 decks)

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