Food Safety and Management 2023 Flashcards
Who is in charge of the FDA food code and what does it generally entail?
US Public Health Service
Model for safeguarding the public health and ensuring food is unadulterated and honestly presented when offered to the consumer.
Where is the California Food Code found?
CA Health and Safety Code, Division 104 Part 7
Sections 113700-114437
Where is the Sherman Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Law found and what does it entail?
CA Health and Safety Code, Division 104 Part 5
Regulates packaging, labeling, advertising, adulteration, and misbranding
Truth-in-Menu
Wholesale vs retail
What is the US Dept of Agriculture responsible for in regards to foods?
The safety and security of meat, poultry, dairy products, and other foods of animal origin
What is the CA Dept of Food and Agriculture responsible for in regards to foods?
Milk and Dairy Food Safety
What is the CA Dept of Public Health responsible for in regards to foods?
Food, drug, and radiation safety division
Drinking water and environmental management
What are P” items in foods? What is the risk level? What sort of actions can be taken for these items? Provide examples of these items
Priority items - High risk
These are items that can present hazards associated with Food Born Illness or Injury
Action - elimination, prevention, or reduction to an acceptable level
Ex: hot and cold water, food temperatures
What are PF” items in foods? What is the risk level? What sort of actions can be taken for these items? Provide examples of these items
Priority Foundation Items - Medium Risk
Requires procedure and incorporation of specific actions
ex: training, HACCP plans, documentation, labeling
What are Core Items” items in foods? What is the risk level? Provide examples of these items
Low risk
General sanitation, operational controls, facility design
What is the definition of a food establishment?
An operation which stores, prepares, packages, and serves food for human consumption on or off premises
What is the main action done by food establishments?
Provides food to a consumer directly, or indirectly through delivery, takeout orders, or delivery service carriers.
What type of facilities does the term “Food Establishment” include?
Mobile, stationary, temporary, or permanent facility/locations
Transportation vehicles, central prep facilities for vending or satellite feeding
Does a facility qualify as a Food Establishment if the food is free?
No
It is considered a food facility whether or not there is a charge for the food
What is a temporary food establishment and what level of risk is this? why?
Single event not more than 14 days
High risk due to improvised controls as well as potential for inexperienced food handlers
What is not considered a food establishment (six total)
Facility with only pre-packaged non-potentially hazardous food
Produce stands with fresh and whole product
Food processing plant
Private homes
Owner-occupied Bed&Breakfast
Small day care
What are the three main contamination sources for foods?
Biological
Chemical
Physical
What does FATTOM stand for and what is it in relation to?
Biological contamination - Bacteria
Fats
Acids
Time
Temperature
Oxygen
Moisture
At what pH does bacteria grow best? What is the exception?
When pH>4.6
Butter pH 6.1-6.4
What is the range for bacterial growth in relation to moisture?
Water activity - 0.6-0.97
What are the three general foodborne illness types? Please define them
- Infection - infectious bacteria that grows in both food and humans
- Intoxication - intoxicating bacteria in large numbers that have produced toxins
- Toxin-mediated - intoxicating bacteria that ingest and produce toxins in the human body
How long do infectious bacteria take to show symptoms? What are the six infectious pathogens and their gram-staining results?
12hr-70 days
Salmonella -
Campylobacter -
Listeria +
Shigella -
Yersinia -
Vibrio species -
How long do intoxicating bacteria take to show symptoms?
What are the three intoxicating pathogens and their gram-staining results?
1-36 hours
Clostridium botulinum anaerobic +
Bacillus cereus +
Staphylococcus aureus +
How long do toxin mediated bacteria take to show symptoms?
What are the three toxin mediated bacteria and their gram-staining results?
8-24 hours
E. coli -
Bacillus cereus +
Clostridium species +
What two viruses are known to induce food-borne illnesses and what are their incubation times?
Hepatitis A and E - 2 weeks to 4 months
Norovirus - 24 hours
What are three amoebas known to induce FBI and what are their incubation times as well as symptoms?
Cryptosporidium - 2-20 days, diarrhea/cough
Cyclospora - 1-2 weeks, explosive diarrhea
Giardia lamblia - 1-3 weeks, watery/greasy diarrhea
What are two parasites known to induce FBI? What are their symptoms and incubation times?
Trichinella - affects muscle, heart, brain. Can last for years
Anisakis - severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting. Within hours
What are the four types of vegetative bacteria and where are they found?
Raw animal and processed foods
Salmonella
Listeria monocytogenes
Vibrio spp.
Campylobacter jejuni
E. coli 0157:H7
What are the three control measures for biological contamination?
Temperature control
Hand-washing/no bare handling RTE
Employee health
What are the heat resistant bacteria (three)?
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium botulinum
Bacillus cereus
