Vasculature of the Chest Powerpoint Flashcards
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Branches off the aorta in the thorax
- Left and right coronary arteries
- Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid and left subclavian arteries
- pericardial, bronchial, esophageal, mediasteinal, posterior intercostal, subcostal, superior phrenic
Pericardial arteries
Derived from: thoracic aorta
Travel posteriorally to supply the pericardium
Bronchial arteries
Derived from: thoracic aorta, 2 on left 1 on right,
travel to supply the viceral pleura and bronchi of lungs
Esophageal arteries
Derived from: thoracic aorta
Travel to supply the esophagus
Mediastinal arteries
Derived from: thoracic aorta
Travel to supply the posterior mediastinum
Posterior intercostal/subcostal arteries
Derived from: thoracic aorta
Travel posterior of aspect of rib cage between ribs and anastamose with anterior intercostal arteries
Superior phrenic artery
Derived from: thoracic aorta
Travels inferiorally to supply the diaphragm
Internal thoracic artery/mammary artery
Derived from: subclavian artery
Travels to supply the anterior thoracic wall and breast, giving rise near its origin to the peridcardiophrenic artery and anterior intercostal arteries
Empties into the superior epigastric arteries
Pericardiophrenic artery
Derived from: internal thoracic artery/mammary artery
Travels to supply the pericardium and diaphragm inferiorally alongside phrenic nerve
Anterior intercostal arteries
Derived from: Internal thoracic/internal mammary artery
Travels to supply the anterior ribs and intercostal muscles, anastamoses with the posterior intercostal arteries
Superior epigastric artery
Derived from: internal thoracic/mammary artery
Travels inferiorally on the anterior wall to supply the abdominal region
Importance of Left internal mammary artery
Because of its close proximity to the heart, it can easily be harvested to bypass a blocked left anterior descending coronary artery to revascularize the heart as a CABG more efficiently than great saphenous vein
Right coronary artery
Derived from: ascending aorta
Travels lateral and inferiorally down the right to supply the right atrium and right ventricle, gives off right marginal branch of right coronary artery and posterior descending artery
Right marginal branch of right coronary artery
Derived from: right coronary artery
Travels down the lateral face of the heart toward the apex
Posterior descending artery
Derived from: right coronary artery
Travels down the posterior ventriclular walls to meet with the anterior interventricular artery at the apex
Left coronary artery
Derived from: ascending aorta
Travels inferiorally and terminates into 2 branches
Empties into: left anterior descending artery and circumflex artery also known as the widow maker
Left anterior descending artery
Derived from: left coronary artery
Travels down the anterior ventricular walls to meet with the posterior descending artery at the apex of the heart,
Left coronary circumflex artery
Derived from: left coronary artery
Travels laterally around the left to the posterior side of the heart, supplying the left atrium, and left and right ventricles
Coarctation of aorta
Narrowing of part of the aorta (diff from valve stenosis) seen as a result of certain genetic disorders or birth defects, often see high blood pressure in upper extremities and head but lack of pressure in lower extremities
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
A failure for the fetal blood flow of the aorta and pulmonary artery to close, resulting in shunting blood between aorta and pulmonary artery putting strain on the heart resulting in easy fatigue and SOB
Transposition of the great vessels
Congenital heart defect where aorta and pulmonary artery are switched, most of blood returning to the heart is pumped back out without first going to the lungs, associated with pregnancy issues, symptoms include cyanosis, clubbing of toes and fingers
Tetrology of Fallot
A group of 4 abnormalities
1 - narrowing of pulmonary valve
2 - thickening of right ventricle
3 - displacement of aorta due to ventricular septal defect
4 - ventricular septal defect (opening between right and left ventricles)
Azygos system
The unbalanced distribution of venous return from the lower half of the body, with the right asending lumbar vein changing names to the azygos vein upon piercing the diaphragm to empty into the inferior vena cava, while the left ascending lumbar becomes the hemiazygos vein above the diaphragm, drains the 9-11 intercostal veins, then crosses over to empty into the azygos vein. Likewise, the accessory hemiazygos vein is a superior extension of the hemiazygos tha drains the 4-8th intercostal veins and crosses over to empty into the azygos
