Vasculature of the Chest Powerpoint

Question 1

Branches off the aorta in the thorax

Answer 1

• Left and right coronary arteries
• Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid and left subclavian arteries
• pericardial, bronchial, esophageal, mediasteinal, posterior intercostal, subcostal, superior phrenic

Question 2

Pericardial arteries

Answer 2

Derived from: thoracic aorta

Travel posteriorally to supply the pericardium

Question 3

Bronchial arteries

Answer 3

Derived from: thoracic aorta, 2 on left 1 on right,

travel to supply the viceral pleura and bronchi of lungs

Question 4

Esophageal arteries

Answer 4

Derived from: thoracic aorta

Travel to supply the esophagus

Question 5

Mediastinal arteries

Answer 5

Derived from: thoracic aorta

Travel to supply the posterior mediastinum

Question 6

Posterior intercostal/subcostal arteries

Answer 6

Derived from: thoracic aorta

Travel posterior of aspect of rib cage between ribs and anastamose with anterior intercostal arteries

Question 7

Superior phrenic artery

Answer 7

Derived from: thoracic aorta

Travels inferiorally to supply the diaphragm

Question 8

Internal thoracic artery/mammary artery

Answer 8

Derived from: subclavian artery
Travels to supply the anterior thoracic wall and breast, giving rise near its origin to the peridcardiophrenic artery and anterior intercostal arteries
Empties into the superior epigastric arteries

Question 9

Pericardiophrenic artery

Answer 9

Derived from: internal thoracic artery/mammary artery

Travels to supply the pericardium and diaphragm inferiorally alongside phrenic nerve

Question 10

Anterior intercostal arteries

Answer 10

Derived from: Internal thoracic/internal mammary artery

Travels to supply the anterior ribs and intercostal muscles, anastamoses with the posterior intercostal arteries

Question 11

Superior epigastric artery

Answer 11

Derived from: internal thoracic/mammary artery

Travels inferiorally on the anterior wall to supply the abdominal region

Question 12

Importance of Left internal mammary artery

Answer 12

Because of its close proximity to the heart, it can easily be harvested to bypass a blocked left anterior descending coronary artery to revascularize the heart as a CABG more efficiently than great saphenous vein

Question 13

Right coronary artery

Answer 13

Derived from: ascending aorta
Travels lateral and inferiorally down the right to supply the right atrium and right ventricle, gives off right marginal branch of right coronary artery and posterior descending artery

Question 14

Right marginal branch of right coronary artery

Answer 14

Derived from: right coronary artery

Travels down the lateral face of the heart toward the apex

Question 15

Posterior descending artery

Answer 15

Derived from: right coronary artery

Travels down the posterior ventriclular walls to meet with the anterior interventricular artery at the apex

Question 16

Left coronary artery

Answer 16

Derived from: ascending aorta
Travels inferiorally and terminates into 2 branches
Empties into: left anterior descending artery and circumflex artery also known as the widow maker

Question 17

Left anterior descending artery

Answer 17

Derived from: left coronary artery

Travels down the anterior ventricular walls to meet with the posterior descending artery at the apex of the heart,

Question 18

Left coronary circumflex artery

Answer 18

Derived from: left coronary artery
Travels laterally around the left to the posterior side of the heart, supplying the left atrium, and left and right ventricles

Question 19

Coarctation of aorta

Answer 19

Narrowing of part of the aorta (diff from valve stenosis) seen as a result of certain genetic disorders or birth defects, often see high blood pressure in upper extremities and head but lack of pressure in lower extremities

Question 20

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Answer 20

A failure for the fetal blood flow of the aorta and pulmonary artery to close, resulting in shunting blood between aorta and pulmonary artery putting strain on the heart resulting in easy fatigue and SOB

Question 21

Transposition of the great vessels

Answer 21

Congenital heart defect where aorta and pulmonary artery are switched, most of blood returning to the heart is pumped back out without first going to the lungs, associated with pregnancy issues, symptoms include cyanosis, clubbing of toes and fingers

Question 22

Tetrology of Fallot

Answer 22

A group of 4 abnormalities
1 - narrowing of pulmonary valve
2 - thickening of right ventricle
3 - displacement of aorta due to ventricular septal defect
4 - ventricular septal defect (opening between right and left ventricles)

Question 23

Azygos system

Answer 23

The unbalanced distribution of venous return from the lower half of the body, with the right asending lumbar vein changing names to the azygos vein upon piercing the diaphragm to empty into the inferior vena cava, while the left ascending lumbar becomes the hemiazygos vein above the diaphragm, drains the 9-11 intercostal veins, then crosses over to empty into the azygos vein. Likewise, the accessory hemiazygos vein is a superior extension of the hemiazygos tha drains the 4-8th intercostal veins and crosses over to empty into the azygos