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Anatomy > Hepatobiliary System Lecture Powerpoint > Flashcards

Hepatobiliary System Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards

this one is gonna suck dick

1
Q

Liver borders

A

Superior - diaphragm
Lateral and anterior - rib cage
Medial - crosses into left upper quadrant
Inferior - gall bladder

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2
Q

How does the liver allow for living donor transplants?

A

Because it is divided into 8 functionally independent segments each with own vascular in and outflow

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3
Q

Falciform ligament

A

Infolding of mesentary that separtes right and left lobes of livers suspending it from the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall

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4
Q

Round ligament of the liver

A

Fibrous remains of fetal umbilical vein, travels inferiorally from in between the right and left lobes to the umbilicus

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5
Q

Lesser omentum

A

Small piece of double layer peritoneum that anchors liver to lesser curvature of stomach

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6
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

Covers entire liver except for superior bare area of liver

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7
Q

Bare area of the liver

A

Superior diaphragmatic triangular portion of the liver containing portacaval anastamoses where infection can spread to the thoracic cavity

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8
Q

Hepatic portal vein

A

Derived from: merging of splenic and superior mesenteric veins
Travels to the liver receiving branches from gastric and cystic veins before bifurcating and entering
Empties into: hepatic veins

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9
Q

Hepatic veins

A

Derived from: hepatic portal vein
Travels throughout the liver to filter and remove toxins
Empties into the inferior vena cava

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10
Q

Splenic vein

A

Derived from: the spleen
Travels toward the liver, receiving blood supply from inferior mesenteric vein
Drains into: hepatic portal vein

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11
Q

Gastric vein

A

Derived from: stomach
Travels toward the liver
Empties into the hepatic portal vein shortly before it bifurcates

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12
Q

Cystic vein

A

Derived from: the gall bladder
Travels toward the liver
Empties into the heppatic portal vein shortly after it bifurcates

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13
Q

Superior mesenteric vein

A

Derived from: The small intestine
Travels toward the liver
Empties into the hepatic portal vein after merging with the splenic vein

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14
Q

Inferior mesenteric vein

A

Derived from: Large intestine
Travels toward the liver
Empties into the splenic vein superiorally

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15
Q

Hepatic portal vein carries ___ of hepatic blood supply, the hepatic artery carries ___

A

75%, 25%

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16
Q

Hepatic artery

A

Derived from: celiac trunk artery

Travels giving off the gastroduodenal artery before supplying the liver

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17
Q

Hepatic hypertension can manifest as distally as….

A

….rectal hemorroids

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18
Q

Biliary canuliculi

A

Projections off hepatocytes that collect bile excreted by hepatocytes to eventually enter the common hepatic duct

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19
Q

Bilirubin

A

Breakdown product of red blood cell degradation, gives a yellow coloration

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20
Q

Common hepatic duct

A

Product of bile canaliculi from hepatocytes within the liver converging, exits the inferior base of the liver before merging with the common cystic duct to form the common bile duct

21
Q

Common cystic duct

A

Derived from the gall bladder, connects to the common hepatic duct to form the common bile duct

22
Q

Gall bladder

A

Accessory organ used to store and concentrate bile, contracts via smooth muscle layer in response to lipid presence in intestine to promote emulsification, if removed can see difficutly digesting fatty meals

23
Q

Common bile duct

A

Formed from the combination of the common cystic duct and common hepatic duct, receives branch from pancreatic duct before exiting at the spincter of Oddi in the duodenum

24
Q

Pancreatic duct

A

Releases exocrine secretions from the pancreas into the common bile duct to exit via sphincter of Oddi

25
Q

CCK mechanism of action

A
  • Stimulated for release by chyme entering duodenum
  • enters blood stream
  • Induces secretion of pancreatic enzymes
  • Induces gallbladder contracttion
26
Q

Secretin mechanism of action

A
  • Release by chyme entering duodenum
  • enters blood stream
  • Induces secretion of pancreatic bicarbonate
27
Q

An obstruction in sphincter of Oddi often causes….

A

pancreatitis

28
Q

Portal triad

A

Groups of hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, and hepatic duct that sit at corners of lobules in the liver

29
Q

Central vein

A

Drainage structure that eventually combines into the vena cava after receiving blood flow from hepatic sinusoids in a lobule as they are modified by hepatocytes

30
Q

Hepatic sinusoids

A

Paths that blood flows from hepatic veins and hepatic arteries before draining into a central vein where it is filtered by hepatocytes

31
Q

Pathway of blood flow generally to the liver

A
  • hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery
  • hepatic sinusoids
  • central veins
  • hepatic veins
  • inferior vena cava
32
Q

Space of disse

A

Space between hepatocyte and a sinusoid that allows for proteins to be absorbed by microvilli from the hepatocytes

33
Q

Kupffer cells and their 4 key functions

A

Liver macrophages

1) RBC destruction
2) Antibody production aid
3) phagocytosis
4) cause early ETOH induced liver injury

34
Q

11 Liver functions

A
  • produce bile salts
  • eliminate bilirubin
  • metabolize steroid hormones
  • metabolize drugs
  • meetabolize fat
  • metabolize protein
  • metabolize carb
  • recycling vitamins
  • remove bacteria
  • coagulation factors
  • produce urea
35
Q

RBC breeakdown pathway

A
  • RBC to hemoglobin in spleen or kupfer cells
  • Globin recylced in liver
  • Heme digested to iron and bilirubin
  • Iron turned to storage form (ferritin)
  • Bilirubin enters liver
36
Q

Bile components

A

-Bile acids
-cholesterol
bilirubin
-electrolytes
0water

37
Q

Unconjugated bilirubin (indirect bilirubin)

A

Bound to albumin, water insoluble but fat soluble, typically calculated and not measured

38
Q

Conjugated bilirubin (direct bilirubin)

A

In the hepatocyte, Water soluble, can be measured via liver function test

39
Q

Total bilirubin =

A

Direct + indirect

40
Q

Excess not reasorbed conjugated bilirubin is converted by bacteria into…

A

…urobilinogen (if reabsorbed gives urine yellow color, most exits into colon giving feces brown color)

41
Q

Kernicterus

A

High levels of bilirubin buildup in babies causing neurological problems

42
Q

3 types of jaundice

A

Prehepatic - excessive hemolysis of RBC
Intrahepatic - affect ability of liver to remove or conjugate bilirubin
Posthepatic - obstruction between liver and intestine

43
Q

Absorptive state characteristics

A
  • Glucose to glycogen
  • Excess becomes triglycerides
  • amino acids to protein syntehsis
44
Q

Postabsorptive state characteristics

A
  • Glycogenolysis
  • Gluconeogenesis
  • Ketogenesis
45
Q

Urea formation in liver

A

Ammonia conversion via combination with CO2

46
Q

Common liver function test in response to alcohol abuse

A

GGT

47
Q

Portal hypertension

A

Occurs when portal blood cannot flow thru liver increasing pressure in portal vasculature

48
Q

Hepatorenal syndrome

A

Tendency for cirrhosis of the liver to cause compromising of circulation to abdominal vessels, sometimes disrupting renal blood supply leading to renal failure

49
Q

3 alcohol metabolizing systems in the liver

A

1) alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) system in cytoplasm
2) Microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) in ER
3) Catalase in peroxisomes

Anatomy (33 decks)

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