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Anatomy > Endocrine Anatomy Lecture Powerpoint > Flashcards

Endocrine Anatomy Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards

Fuck me jerry

1
Q

List the major endocrine organs (9)

A
  • hypothalamus
  • pituitary gland
  • pineal gland
  • thyroid gland
  • parathyroid gland
  • thymus
  • adrenal glands
  • pancreas
  • gonads
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2
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Endocrine organ that forms floor and walls of third ventricle in brain, regulates primitave functions thru homeostasis via autonomic nervous system and thru hormones

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3
Q

Pituitary gland/hypophysis

A

Suspended below hypothalamus by stalk (infundibulum) seated in the sella turcica of sphenoid bone, anteriorally is epithelial tissue posterior is nervous tissue extension of hypothalamus (can release hormones immediately), often called the master gland of the body

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4
Q

Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system (include the pathway)

A

A microcirculation of blood vessels at the base of the brain connecting the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary to quickly transport hormones thru fenestrated capillaries bypassing the blood brain barrier easily
Follows pathway of superior hypophyseal artery entering into the hypothalamus, exchanging in a capillary bed that then travels down the infundibulum to another capillary bed in the anterior pituitary before returning to venous circulation

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5
Q

2 hormones released by posterior pituitary, where are these hormones developed?

A

Oxytocin, ADH, developed in the hypothalamus nuclei

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6
Q

Which hormones are released by anterior pituitary (7)

A

-ACTH
-TSH
-LH
FSH
-PRL
-GH
-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)

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7
Q

ACTH function

A

Acts on adrenal cortex to stimulate cortisol release

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8
Q

TSH function

A

Acts on thyroid gland to stimulate T3/T4 release

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9
Q

LH FSH function

A

Act on the ovaries and testes

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10
Q

PRL function

A

Promote milk production in the mammary glands

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11
Q

MSH function

A

Stimulate melanocyte activity

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12
Q

Oxytocin function

A

Stimulates smooth muscle contraction in different areas of the body

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13
Q

ADH function

A

Acts to increase resoroption of fluid by the kidney

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14
Q

GH function

A

Promotes tissue growth indirectly by acting on the liver causing liver to release IGF-1 and according to Anna Mae also increase protein synthesis at muscle

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15
Q

IGF-1

A

Released from liver in response to GH release, acting to facilitate portein synthesis of muscle and other tissues

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16
Q

What increases IGF-1 production from liver

A

Protein, exercise, sleep

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17
Q

What decreasees IGF-1 production from liver

A

Insulin, stress, estrogen

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18
Q

When is GH levels high and low?

A

High after deep sleep, high protein meals, vigorous exercise, low after carb heavy measl

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19
Q

Pineal gland

A

Located deep within the brain, peak secretion occurs within first 5 years of life, produces seratonin during day and melatonin at night

20
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Largest endocrine gland with high rate of blood flow, releases T3/T4, has recurrent blood flow from different vascular portions of the body

21
Q

Thyroid ima artery

A

Uncommon variant of blood supply to inferior aspect of thyroid (alongside inferior and superior thyroid arteries), arising from either brachiocephalic trunk, right common carotid, aortic arch, or internal thoracic artery, can be dangerous during surgery

22
Q

Accessory inferior thyroid artery

A

The name the thyroid ima artery takes on upon arising from the sublcavian artery directly as a variation opposed to other locations

23
Q

Superior thyroid artery

A

Derived from external carotid to supply the thyroid gland

24
Q

Inferior thyroid artery

A

Derived from the thyrocervical trunk off the subclavian arteries to supply the thyroid

25
Q

The right recurrent laryngeal nerve runs under the….

A

…right subclavian artery

26
Q

C cells of thyroid gland

A

Function to release calcitonin to decrease Ca2+ in blood stream

27
Q

Chief cells of parathyroid gland

A

Function to release pth to increase blood Ca2+ levels and by increasing bone resorption (inhibition of osteoclasts), decreasing urinary excretion, and increasing GI absorption

28
Q

Vitamin D

A

Fat soluble vitamin produced from skin during exposure to sunlight, modified in liver and kidney, and acts as a cofactor for ca2+ absorption in the gut

29
Q

3 layers of adrenal gland cortex (outside to in)

A

Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasciculata
Zona reticularis

30
Q

Adrenal gland medulla secretes what hormones?

A

Epi and norepi

31
Q

Inferior phrenic arteries (derived from, pathway, empty into)

A

Derived from: abdominal aorta
Travel from above celliac trunk artery
laterally to give rise to many other vessels
Empty into suprarenal arteries to supply adrenal glands

32
Q

Suprarenal arteries (derived from and supply)

A

Derived from: inferior phrenic arteries

Supply the adrenal glands

33
Q

Zona reticularis hormones

A

DHEA, pregnenalone, progesterone, estrogen, testosterones, androsterone

34
Q

Zona fasciulata hormone

A

Cortisol

35
Q

Zona glomerulosa hormone

A

Aldosterone

36
Q

Cortisol function

A

Gluconeogenesis, increase appetite, mobilize fat stores, protein break down, inhibits immune system

37
Q

RAAS system pathway

A
  • Liver releases inactive angiotensiongen to blood stream
  • Kidney releases renin in response to decreased renal perfusion, acting on angiotensinogen to convert to angiotensin I
  • Lungs containing ACE convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II
  • Angiotensin II acts as a potent vasoconstrictor
  • Angiotensin II stimulates aldosterone secretion from adrenal cortex
  • Aldosterone causes reabsorption of Na+ and water follows
38
Q

Pancreas

A

Retroperitoneal, inferior and dorsal to stomach organ with both exocrine and endocrine features, has B cells that secrete insulin into blood stream, and a cells that secrete glucagon

39
Q

Celiac trunk artery (derived from, pahtway, empties into)

A

Derived from: abdominal aorta
Travels anteriorally with 3 branches coming off,
Empties into left gastric artery, common hepatic artery, and splenic artery

40
Q

Splenic artery (derived from, travels to)

A

Derived from: celiac trunk artery

Empties into spleen after giving off branches of dorsal and transverse pancreatic arteries

41
Q

Hepatic artery (derived from, travels to)

A

Derived from: celiac trunk artery

Empties into liver giving rise to anterior, posteior and superior pancreaticduodenal arteries along the way

42
Q

Arteries that supply the pancreas

A

Dorsal pancreatic, transverse pancreatic, anterior postioer and superior pancreaticduodenal arteries

43
Q

Sphincter of Oddi

A

Opening of pancreatic duct into duodenum

44
Q

Pancreatic delta and F cells

A

Delta - release somatostatin antagonistic to GH and inhibit insulin release
F - Inhibit somatostatin function (indirectly increasing insulin)

45
Q

FSH and LH function in testes

A

FSH go to sertoli and promote spermatogenesis

LH go to ledyig cells that synthesize testosterone

46
Q

FSH and LH function in ovaries

A

LH goes to theca cells to promote testosterone secretion (to be converted to estrogen by granulosa cells)
FSH stimulates maturation of granulosa cells

Anatomy (33 decks)

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