Neuroanatomy Spine Lecture Powerpoint

Question 1

Anterior spinal artery

Answer 1

Derived from: vertebral arteries
Travel from near the termination of vertebral arteries together and then down the foramen magnum to travel inferiorally along the front of the spinal cord to the cauda equina

Question 2

Posterior spinal arteries

Answer 2

Derived from: vertebral arteries
Travel within the grey matter of the spinal cord alongside eachother down the foramen magnum inferiorally to the termination of the psinal cord

Question 3

Main venous drainage source of the brain

Answer 3

Dural venous sinus

Question 4

Conus medullaris

Answer 4

Termination of the spinal cord at the 2nd lumbar vertebra

Question 5

Filum terminale

Answer 5

Strand of fibrous tissue that continues from the conus medullaris inferiorally to attach the spinal cord and meninges to the coccyx

Question 6

Cauda equina

Answer 6

Nerve roots that extend byond the conus medullaris termination of the spinal cord

Question 7

Cauda equinal syndrome

Answer 7

Nerve compression that causes fecal incontinence and other lumbar nerve issues potentially resulting in paralysis if not treated

Question 8

Dural venous sinus

Answer 8

Form the venous drainage system of the brain (valveless,), removes blood to the internal jugular vein

Question 9

Spinal tap needs to be done at the L3 L4 vertebra space because…

Answer 9

….subarachnoid space still coninues here but it is below the conus medullaris

Question 10

Denticulate ligaments

Answer 10

Extensions from pia to dura mater to allow attachment of all 3 layers of meninges

Question 11

General dermatome distribution

Answer 11

C - arms and neck
T - chest and abdomen
L lower back anteror legs
S - butt and posterior legs

Question 12

A spino tract is…

Answer 12

…sensory

Question 13

A spinal tract is…

Answer 13

…motor

Question 14

Ascending tracts always contain ___ fibers while descending ___

Answer 14

sensory, motor

Question 15

Decussation

Answer 15

Crossing over of tract from one side of the body to the other

Question 16

3 ascending tracts

Answer 16

Dorsal column, spinothalmic (lateral and ventral), spinocerebellar

Question 17

Dorsal column ascending pathway detects… it crosses over in the…. therefore lesion results in….

Answer 17

…fine touch, vibration, pressure….medulla…ipsalaterla loss below level of lesion

Question 18

3 common things that cause deficiency in dorsal column pathway

Answer 18

diabetes
alcoholism
syphilis

Question 19

Spinothalmic tract ascending pathway detects…. it crosses over in the… therefore lesion resutls in…

Answer 19

Pain and temp and crude touch… spinal cord immediately…. contralateral loss below level of lesion

Question 20

Spinocerebellar tract ascending pathway detects….it crosses over in the…. therefore lesion results in…

Answer 20

unconscious proprioception…does not cross….remains ipsaplateral defect

Question 21

Upper motor neuron and example of defect

Answer 21

Located in the CNS, tumor in brain or spinal cord

Question 22

Lower motor neuron and example of defect…

Answer 22

Located in PNS, trauma to the body

Question 23

Corticospinal motor tract causes….it crosses over in the… therefore lesion results in…

Answer 23

Allows precise coordinated limb movements and muscle tone….medulla immediately….therefore ipsalateral affect

Question 24

Subconscious motor tract examples (4)

Answer 24

Vestibulospinal’
Tectospinal
Reticulospinal
Rubrospinal

Question 25

Subconscious motor tract function

Answer 25

regulation of balance, muscle tone, eye, hand and upper limb position

Question 26

LMN paralysis is ____ while UMN is ____

Answer 26

flaccid, spastic

Question 27

Rubrospinal trat

Answer 27

Sends info to flexor extensor muscles

Question 28

Tectospinal tract

Answer 28

Reflex movements of head in response to visual and auditory stimuli

Question 29

Reticulospinal tract

Answer 29

Eye movements and respiratory musles

Question 30

Vestibulospinal tract

Answer 30

Sends info from inner ear to maintain head position

Question 31

Autonomic vs somatic reflexes

Answer 31

Autonomic require a 2 step process because of pre and post gangionic fibers, somatic is just a straight shot

Question 32

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gerig disease)

Answer 32

Causes upper and motor neuron signs such as weakness, wasting, atrophy, and hyperflexia and spasticity (think about the tongue shaking back and forth)

Question 33

Guillan Barre syndrome

Answer 33

2ndary autoimmune weakness brought on after infection, affects axon and myelin sheath causing seensory and lower motor neuron loss

Question 34

Brown sequard syndrome

Answer 34

An incomplete spinal cord lesion usually due to penetrating injuries or blunt trauma resulting in ipsalateral loss of proprioception, vibration, position sense and tactile discrimination, but contralateral loss of pain and temp sensation below level of lesion