Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Neck Anatomy Lecture Powerpoint > Flashcards

Neck Anatomy Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards

sdflsadfj;

1
Q

Regions of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx ending at the soft palate
Oropharynx ending at the epiglottis
Laryngopharynx below that

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the neck function

A

Position larynx in neck and manipulation during swallowing and valsalva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the neck function

A

Responsible for movement of the vocal folds within the larynx as well as subtle tension adjustments related to phonation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Epiglottis

A

Flap of tissue in throat at base of tongue projecting out of the thyroid cartilage over the larynx above the glottis that is moved into a closed position upon elevation of the hyoid bone during swallowing to cap over the larynx and prevent aspiration ofmaterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Glottis

A

Opening between the vocal folds within the larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

Most prominent cartilage forming the anterior wall of the superior portion of the larynx below the hyoid bone connected via the thyrohyoid membrane, forms the adams apple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Thyrohyoid membrane

A

Connection between the thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Larynx lining (same as nasal cavity)

A

Respiratory epithelium - pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

True vocal folds

A

Bands of tissue that extend from the arytenoid cartilage to the thyroid cartilage posterior wall, the tighter they are stretched through the relaxation or stress of the arytenoid cartilage by the thyroarytenoid muscle the higher the pitch of sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Thyroarytenoid muscle

A

Function: relax the arytenoid cartilage and therefore the true vocal folds resulting in lower pitch
Insertion: Thyroid cartilage to arytenoid cartilage of larynx
Innervation: Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

False vocal folds

A

Sit above the true vocal folds and are associated with forceful closure such as valsalva and reflex laryngeal closure due to choking or noxious stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The vocal folds form an arrow, always oriented…

A

…anteriorally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve pathway

A

From the vagus nerve’s descent, the left travels under the aortic arch and back upward to supply intrinsic muscles of the larynx, right travels under the right subclavian artery back upward to supply the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Superior laryngeal branch of vagus nerve pathway

A

Branches off the vagus and travels deep to the internal carotid artery to then supply cricothyroid muscle and sensation to the vocal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If superior laryngeal nerve is lost, this complication could occur

A

Aspiration of a foreign body without coughing it back up because no sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vagus nerve pathway

A

Provides sensory function at the external auditory canal and the hypopharynx as well as motor function of the pharynx before giving rise to the superior laryngeal branch and the recurrant laryngeal branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Resonance of sound produced at the vocal folds is achieved by the….

A

…nose and pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Trachealis muscle

A

Smooth muscle at the posterior border of the trachea conjoining the ends of the c shaped rings, adjusts airflow by expanding or contracting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Aspirated objects are far more likely to end up in the…

A

Right lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

At what level does the esophagus start

A

The lower border of the cricoid cartilage, the 6th cervical vertebra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

At what level does the esophagus end

A

11th cervical vertibra, cardiac oriface of the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

3 constrictions in the esophageal course

A

1) cricopharyngeal sphincter which relaxes to let food down at the 6th cervical vertebrae
2) At the chrossing of the aortic arch and left main bronchus
3) The lower esophageal spincter, where it pierces the diaphragm

23
Q

Swallowing is controlled by…

A

…medulla and lower pons in brainstem, motor impulses carried primarily via vagus nerve

24
Q

5 phases of swallowing

A

1) buccal phase - begins in mouth and is voluntary contraction of tongue to force bolus into oropharynx
2) Uvula and larynx rise, tongue blocks off mouth, upper esophagus sphincter relaxes
3) Constrictor muscles of the pharynx contract forcing food into esophagus, upper esophageal sphincter contracts after entry
4) Food moves through esophagus to stomach by peristalsis
5) gastroesophagesal sphincter allows food to enter stomach

25
Q

Stylohyoid muscle

A

Function: initiate swallowing by pulling the hyoid posteriorally and superiorally
Insertion: Hyoid bone to styloid process of temporal bone
Innervation: facial nerve

26
Q

Digastric muscle

A

Function: depress mandible (open mouth) and elevate hyoid bone
Insertion: anterior inferior aspect of mandible to hyoid bone to mastoid process of temporal bone
Innervation: Anterior trigeminal nerve manidbular branch, posterior facial nerve

27
Q

Mylohyoid muscle

A

Function:Elevate hyoid bone and form floor of mouth
Insertion: Mylohyoid line of mandible to hyoid bone
Innervation: trigeminal nerve

28
Q

Geniohyoid muscle

A

Funciton: depress mandible and elevate hyoid bone
Insertion: medial surface of mandible to hyoid bone
Innervation: hypoglossal nerve

29
Q

Suprahyoid muscle group

A
  • stylohyoid
  • digastric
  • mylohyoid
  • geniohyoid
30
Q

Infrahyoid muscle group

A
  • omahyoid
  • sternohyoid
  • sternothryoid
  • thyrohyoid
31
Q

Omohyoid muscle

A

Function:depress hhyoid bone and larynx
Insertion: scapula and clavicle to hyoid bone
Innervation: C1-3

32
Q

Sternohyoid muscle

A

Function: depress hyoid bone and larynx
Insertion: sternum and sternoclavicular joint to hyoid bone
Innervation: C1-3

33
Q

Sternothyroid muscle

A

Function:depress thyroid cartilage
Insertion: Manubrium of sternum to thyroid cartilage
Innervation:c1-3

34
Q

Thyrohyoid muscle

A

Function: depress hyoid
Insertion: thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone
Innervation: C1

35
Q

Pharyngeal constrictors

A

Constrict to propel food bolus into esophagus, can be manually stimulated by physical manpulaiton

36
Q

Sternoclydomastoid muscle

A

Function: flex neck, bend head to shoulder, rotate neck
Insertion: clavicle and manubrium to mastoid process
Innervation: accessory nerve

37
Q

Isthmus

A

Conjoins 2 lobes of the thyroid

38
Q

Thyroid gland location

A

Anterior neck between 2nd and 3rd tracheal ring

39
Q

Thyroid arterial supply

A

Superior and inferior thyroid artery (derived from the external carotid and thyrocervical trunk of subclavian artery, respectively)

40
Q

Thyroid venous drainage

A

Superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins

41
Q

Thyroid nerve supply

A

Sympathetic from superior, middle, and inferior cervical gangila, parasympathetic from vagus nerve

42
Q

T4 is converted to ____ at the target tissue

A

T3

43
Q

Calcitonin function

A

Decrease blood Ca2+ levels

44
Q

Hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis

A
  • TRH from hypothalamus stimulates TSH from anteiror pit
  • TSH stimulates thyroglobulin conversion via iodine presence to T3/T4 in the thyroid
  • Increased thyroid hormone causes decreased TRH and TSH
45
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

High levels of thyroid hormone in the blood, low TSH

46
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Low levels of thyroid hormone in blood, high TSH

47
Q

Parathyroid gland location

A

Posterior aspect of thyroid gland in 2 pairs

48
Q

Chief cells

A

Parathyroid gland cells that release PTH

49
Q

PTH function

A

Increase blood Ca2+ levels by enhancing reabsorption in the kidney, stimulating calcitrol secretion, mobilizes Ca2+ by inhibiting osteoblasts and increasing number of osteoclasts

50
Q

Vagus nerve supplies…

A

Motor/sensory function of the lower pharynx, sensory function of the external auditory canal

51
Q

Sensory, motor, or both?

A

Some say money matters, some say brains. My brother says big boobs matter most.

52
Q

Borders of the anterior triangle of the neck

A

Mandible, midline of anterior neck, sternocleidomastaoid

53
Q

Borders of the posterior triangle of the neck

A

Sternocleidomastoid, clavicle, trapezius

Anatomy (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions