Radiographic Anatomy of Head and Neck Powerpoint Flashcards
nyeahh
X rays of the skull have been largely replaced by…
…CT scans, it can be difficult to differentiate sutures from fracture
Towne’s view
X ray beam shot 30 degrees downward above the horizontal to view occipital bone, mastoid, middle ear regions, foramen magnum, and zygomatic arches
Vomer
Bone that forms the septum of the skull
Nasal bones
-nasal bone -ethmoid -vomer -palatine -maxilla
On a lateral view radiograph of the skull you can see…
Sella turcica - seats the pituitary
Waters view
x ray beam shot 30 upward from below the horiziontal toward the face to allow for a clear view of sinuses (frontal and maxillary)
Water’s view right maxillary sinusitis (note the fluid thicker than air)
Panorex
View of mandible to visualize teeth abnormalities/dental caries/abscesses/mandible damage/maxillary damage
When ordering a cervical x ray, it is pivotal to be able to visualize…
T1
Atlas, axis, and dens
C1 and 2 respectively, with the dens sticking up from C2 into C1, very unstable for fractures
Transverse foramen
Holes in the cervical vertebrae where the vertebral artery can travel thru
Vertebra prominens
C7, palpable on the skin
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Continuous band of tissue across all the vertebrae at the body that prevents hyperextension of the spine
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Continous band along all the vertebrae at the body that resists hyperflexion of the spine, relatively weak
Ligamentum flavum
Connective tissue between adjacent vertebrae at the lamina, elastic and very strong with recoil ability
Odontoid view
Measure’s alignment of dens with C1
Swimmer’s view
If shoulders sit too high to visualize T1 on a lateral view, can have them project one arm posteriorally and superiorally as if swimming to get it out of the way
Cervical x ray 3-5-7 orders
3) AP, lat, odontoid
5) + obliques
7) + flexion and extension
Oblique X ray
Allow for view of cervical neuroforamina
Flexion extension X ray
Allow for visualization of cervical ligmaent injury
Jefferson fracture
C1 fracture of the bony ring, visible from an odontoid view
Hangman’s fracture
C2 body fracture, visible on a lateral view
Bilateral facet dislocation
High risk for spinal cord damage, injury to the cervical spine displacing it anteriorally causing subluxation
Atlanto-occipital dislocation
orthopedic decapitation - ligamentous separation of the spinal column from the skull base, only thing keeping head on is treacheal tube to throat, also known as internal decapitation, do not confuse with atlanto-axial dislocation between atlas and axis
Burst fracture
Compression and fracturing of a cervical vertebra sending fragments throughout spine
Clay shoveler’s fracture
Typically occurring between C6-T1, results from combination of hyperflexion sharp movement of paraspinal muscles resulting in fragment sitting adjacent to where it should be. Visible separation on a lateral view, appears as “ghost sign” on ap view (presence of 2 spinous processes). Typically a stable fracture
