Radiographic Anatomy of Head and Neck Powerpoint

Question 1

X rays of the skull have been largely replaced by…

Answer 1

…CT scans, it can be difficult to differentiate sutures from fracture

Question 2

Towne’s view

Answer 2

X ray beam shot 30 degrees downward above the horizontal to view occipital bone, mastoid, middle ear regions, foramen magnum, and zygomatic arches

Question 3

Vomer

Answer 3

Bone that forms the septum of the skull

Question 4

Nasal bones

Answer 4

-nasal bone -ethmoid -vomer -palatine -maxilla

Question 5

On a lateral view radiograph of the skull you can see…

Answer 5

Sella turcica - seats the pituitary

Question 6

Waters view

Answer 6

x ray beam shot 30 upward from below the horiziontal toward the face to allow for a clear view of sinuses (frontal and maxillary)

Question 7

Answer 7

Water’s view right maxillary sinusitis (note the fluid thicker than air)

Question 8

Panorex

Answer 8

View of mandible to visualize teeth abnormalities/dental caries/abscesses/mandible damage/maxillary damage

Question 9

When ordering a cervical x ray, it is pivotal to be able to visualize…

Answer 9

T1

Question 10

Atlas, axis, and dens

Answer 10

C1 and 2 respectively, with the dens sticking up from C2 into C1, very unstable for fractures

Question 11

Transverse foramen

Answer 11

Holes in the cervical vertebrae where the vertebral artery can travel thru

Question 12

Vertebra prominens

Answer 12

C7, palpable on the skin

Question 13

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 13

Continuous band of tissue across all the vertebrae at the body that prevents hyperextension of the spine

Question 14

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 14

Continous band along all the vertebrae at the body that resists hyperflexion of the spine, relatively weak

Question 15

Ligamentum flavum

Answer 15

Connective tissue between adjacent vertebrae at the lamina, elastic and very strong with recoil ability

Question 16

Odontoid view

Answer 16

Measure’s alignment of dens with C1

Question 17

Swimmer’s view

Answer 17

If shoulders sit too high to visualize T1 on a lateral view, can have them project one arm posteriorally and superiorally as if swimming to get it out of the way

Question 18

Cervical x ray 3-5-7 orders

Answer 18

3) AP, lat, odontoid
5) + obliques
7) + flexion and extension

Question 19

Oblique X ray

Answer 19

Allow for view of cervical neuroforamina

Question 20

Flexion extension X ray

Answer 20

Allow for visualization of cervical ligmaent injury

Question 21

Jefferson fracture

Answer 21

C1 fracture of the bony ring, visible from an odontoid view

Question 22

Hangman’s fracture

Answer 22

C2 body fracture, visible on a lateral view

Question 23

Bilateral facet dislocation

Answer 23

High risk for spinal cord damage, injury to the cervical spine displacing it anteriorally causing subluxation

Question 24

Atlanto-occipital dislocation

Answer 24

orthopedic decapitation - ligamentous separation of the spinal column from the skull base, only thing keeping head on is treacheal tube to throat, also known as internal decapitation, do not confuse with atlanto-axial dislocation between atlas and axis

Question 25

Burst fracture

Answer 25

Compression and fracturing of a cervical vertebra sending fragments throughout spine

Question 26

Clay shoveler’s fracture

Answer 26

Typically occurring between C6-T1, results from combination of hyperflexion sharp movement of paraspinal muscles resulting in fragment sitting adjacent to where it should be. Visible separation on a lateral view, appears as “ghost sign” on ap view (presence of 2 spinous processes). Typically a stable fracture