Histology Lecture

Question 1

of different cell types in body, types of tissue they compose

Answer 1

200, epithelial/connective/muscular/nervous

Question 2

***Embryonic 3 germ layers and what they form

Answer 2

Ectoderm - forms epidermis and nervous sytem
Mesoderm - Muscle, bone, blood and other connective tissue
Endoderm - mucus lining of GI and respiratory tracts

Question 3

Examples of specialized simple epithelium

Answer 3

Endothelium - friction reducing lining of hollow organs of cardiovascular system
Mesothelium - serous membrane lining body and covering its organs such as pleura, pericardium, etc

Question 4

***Examples of simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 4

Found in Liver, thyroid, mammary, salivary and other glands, bronchioles, and most kidney tubules

Question 5

***Examples of simple columnar epithelium

Answer 5

Inner lining of GI tract, uterus, kidney & uterine tubes

Question 6

What does smoking do to cilia?

Answer 6

It destroy’s cilia, resulting in morning smokers cough

Question 7

***Pseudostratified epithelium location

Answer 7

Found in respiratory system, not all cells reach surface

Question 8

Keratanized stratified sqamous epithelium location

Answer 8

The skin

Question 9

Nonkeratanized stratified squamous epithleium location

Answer 9

oral mucosa, esophagus, vagina

Question 10

***Transitional epithelium location

Answer 10

Ureters, bladder

Question 11

***6 cells of connective tissue

Answer 11

1) Fibroblasts - produce fibers and ground substance
2) Macrophages - WBC phagocytose foreign material
3) Neutrophil - suicide bomber
4) Plasma cells - release antibodies
5) Mast cells - secrete histamine and heparin inhibit clotting and dilate blood vessel
6) Adipocytes - store triglycerides

Question 12

Collagen fibers are also called…

Answer 12

White fibers

Question 13

.Elastic fibers are also called…

Answer 13

Yellow fibers

Question 14

***3 subtypes of loose connective tissue and their functions

Answer 14

1) Areolar - passageway for nerves and vessels, very scattered
2) Reticular - Loose networks of fibers and cells often found in immune organs
3) Adipose - Big empty looking cell with nucleus pressed against cell membrane

Question 15

Why does cartilage take so long to heal?

Answer 15

There are no blood vessels so diffusion must bring in nutrients and remove wastes

Question 16

3 types of cartilage, characteristics and where they are found

Answer 16

1) Hyaline - tracheal rings, glass matrix layout
2) Elastic - external ear, elastic fibers to bounce back
3) Fibrocartilage - Meniscus, parallel collagen fibers

Question 17

Tight junction

Answer 17

Completely encircle the cell joining it to surrounding cells, zipper like pattern that prevents any substances between the cells such as in the GI and urinary tract

Question 18

Desomosomes

Answer 18

Patch between 2 cells holding them together against mechanical stress

Question 19

Gap junctions

Answer 19

Communicating junctions to allow for small solutes to pass from cell to cell

Question 20

3 mixed organs with endo and exocrine function

Answer 20

1) Liver
2) Gonads
3) Pancreas

Question 21

***Holocrine glands

Answer 21

Secretory cells that disintegrate in order to deliver accumulated product and some cell fragments, such as oil producing cells of scalp

Question 22

Metaplasia

Answer 22

Changing one type of mature tissue into another

Question 23

Hyperplasia vs hypertrophy

Answer 23

Growth of cell number vs growth of cell size

Question 24

Neoplasia

Answer 24

Growth of a tumor (benign or malignant)

Question 25

Atrophy vs necrosis vs apoptosis

Answer 25

Atrophy is shrinkage of cells and number of cells
Necrosis is pathological death of tissue
Apoptosis is planned cell death, cells shrink and are phagocytosed WITHOUT inflammation

Question 26

2 types of tissue repairs

Answer 26

1) Regeneration - new cell replace damaged cells

2) Fibrosis - replacement of damaged cells with scar tissue collagen, keeps organ together but function is not restored

Question 27

***Simple squamous epithelium location

Answer 27

Alveoli, glomeruli, endothelium and serosa