Histology Lecture Flashcards
5/24/19
of different cell types in body, types of tissue they compose
200, epithelial/connective/muscular/nervous
***Embryonic 3 germ layers and what they form
Ectoderm - forms epidermis and nervous sytem
Mesoderm - Muscle, bone, blood and other connective tissue
Endoderm - mucus lining of GI and respiratory tracts
Examples of specialized simple epithelium
Endothelium - friction reducing lining of hollow organs of cardiovascular system
Mesothelium - serous membrane lining body and covering its organs such as pleura, pericardium, etc
***Examples of simple cuboidal epithelium
Found in Liver, thyroid, mammary, salivary and other glands, bronchioles, and most kidney tubules
***Examples of simple columnar epithelium
Inner lining of GI tract, uterus, kidney & uterine tubes
What does smoking do to cilia?
It destroy’s cilia, resulting in morning smokers cough
***Pseudostratified epithelium location
Found in respiratory system, not all cells reach surface
Keratanized stratified sqamous epithelium location
The skin
Nonkeratanized stratified squamous epithleium location
oral mucosa, esophagus, vagina
***Transitional epithelium location
Ureters, bladder
***6 cells of connective tissue
1) Fibroblasts - produce fibers and ground substance
2) Macrophages - WBC phagocytose foreign material
3) Neutrophil - suicide bomber
4) Plasma cells - release antibodies
5) Mast cells - secrete histamine and heparin inhibit clotting and dilate blood vessel
6) Adipocytes - store triglycerides
Collagen fibers are also called…
White fibers
.Elastic fibers are also called…
Yellow fibers
***3 subtypes of loose connective tissue and their functions
1) Areolar - passageway for nerves and vessels, very scattered
2) Reticular - Loose networks of fibers and cells often found in immune organs
3) Adipose - Big empty looking cell with nucleus pressed against cell membrane
Why does cartilage take so long to heal?
There are no blood vessels so diffusion must bring in nutrients and remove wastes
3 types of cartilage, characteristics and where they are found
1) Hyaline - tracheal rings, glass matrix layout
2) Elastic - external ear, elastic fibers to bounce back
3) Fibrocartilage - Meniscus, parallel collagen fibers
Tight junction
Completely encircle the cell joining it to surrounding cells, zipper like pattern that prevents any substances between the cells such as in the GI and urinary tract
Desomosomes
Patch between 2 cells holding them together against mechanical stress
Gap junctions
Communicating junctions to allow for small solutes to pass from cell to cell
3 mixed organs with endo and exocrine function
1) Liver
2) Gonads
3) Pancreas
***Holocrine glands
Secretory cells that disintegrate in order to deliver accumulated product and some cell fragments, such as oil producing cells of scalp
Metaplasia
Changing one type of mature tissue into another
Hyperplasia vs hypertrophy
Growth of cell number vs growth of cell size
Neoplasia
Growth of a tumor (benign or malignant)
Atrophy vs necrosis vs apoptosis
Atrophy is shrinkage of cells and number of cells
Necrosis is pathological death of tissue
Apoptosis is planned cell death, cells shrink and are phagocytosed WITHOUT inflammation
2 types of tissue repairs
1) Regeneration - new cell replace damaged cells
2) Fibrosis - replacement of damaged cells with scar tissue collagen, keeps organ together but function is not restored
***Simple squamous epithelium location
Alveoli, glomeruli, endothelium and serosa
