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Anatomy > Upper Abdomen Anatomy Lecture Powerpoint > Flashcards

Upper Abdomen Anatomy Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards

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1
Q

Right/left abdominal quadrants from superior to inferior

A

Hypochondriac
Lumbar
Iliac

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2
Q

Right iliac fossa pain is associated with….

A
  • acute appendicitis
  • ruptured ovarian cyst
  • ruptured ectopic pregnancy
  • PID
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3
Q

Left iliac fossa pain is associated with….

A
  • acute diverticulitis
  • ruptured ovarian cyst
  • ruptured ectopic pregnency
  • PID
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4
Q

Right and left lumbar pain is associated with….

A
  • Renal colic

- Acute pyelnephritis

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5
Q

Hypogastric pain is associated with….

A
  • Acute urinary retention
  • Ruptured ectopic
  • Ruptured ovarian cyst
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6
Q

Umbilical pain is associated with…

A
  • Acute pancreatitis

- small bowel obstruction

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7
Q

Epigastric pain is associated with….

A

-Acute peptic ulcer, acute pancreatitis

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8
Q

Left hypochondriac pain is associated with…

A
  • Splenic infarction

- basal pneumonia

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9
Q

Right hypochondriac pain is associated with…

A

-Acute cholecystitis

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10
Q

Alimentary canal components

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum

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11
Q

Accessory digestive organ components

A

Teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver, pancreas

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12
Q

4 general layers of all the GI tract and characteristics of them

A

1) Mucosa (innermost layer stratified squamous epithelium containing mucosal glands, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae)
2) submucosa (connective tissue housing vascular, lymphatic, and nerve supply)
3) Muscularis externa (inner circular and outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle with peristaltic like activity)
4) serosa/adventitia (connective tissue, serosa reduces friction as a viceral peritoneum, adventitia anchors organ

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13
Q

Myenteric plexus

A

Nervous system located in the muscularis externa between layers that receives innervation from autonomic nerve fibers (such as vagus?) to activate contractile/peristaltic activity

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14
Q

Important difference between adventitia and serosa when it comes to pathology

A

Adventitia anchors one organ to another and thus can spread infection or cancer more easily than a thick serosa which functions to avoid friction

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15
Q

Intraperitoneal organs have serosa or adventitia?

A

Serosa

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16
Q

Retroperitoneal organs have serosa or adventitia?

A

Adventitia

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17
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

A thick layer of serosa that lines the organs of most digestive organs

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18
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

A thick layer of serosa that lines the body cavity wall

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19
Q

Retroperitoneal organs are ____ than intra

A

Less protected

20
Q

Mesentary

A

Double layered peritoneum that attaches the intestine to the posterior abdominal wall and hold them in place like an apron, as well as provides a path for blood vessels and lymphatics and nerves

21
Q

Retroperitoneal organs and what they have around them

A

Pancreas, portions of large itnestine, kidneys, do not have mesentary and contain peritoneum on anterior side only (high risk of trauma)

22
Q

Submucosal plexus

A

Regulates activity of glands and smooth muscle via autonomic imput to enteric nervous system

23
Q

Intrinsic tongue muscles

A

Confined to tongue to allow it to change shape for speech and swallowing

24
Q

Extrinsic tongue muscles

A

Extend from bone to allow tongue to protrude, retract, and move side to side

25
Q

Lingual frenulum

A

Fold of mucosa that secures tongue to floor of mouth and limits posterior movement

26
Q

3 phases of swallowing (yes, this is completely diff than HEENT’s philosophy)

A

1) Buccal phase - ingested into mouth and chewed and moved to back of throat
2) pharyngeal phase - reaches pharynx, pharyngeal constrictors move to esophagus and down
3) Esophageal phase - enters lower esophageal sphincter and goes into stomach

27
Q

Histology of esophagus

A

Nonkeratnizied stratified squamous epi

28
Q

Lower esophageal spinchter

A

Located at the cardiac oriface of the abdominal cavity where esophagus meets stomach, physiologic spinchter that acts as a valve along with diaphragm to close when food not being swallowed, important in preventing reflux

29
Q

Areas of the stomach

A
  • cardiac (entrance from esophagus
  • fundus (superior rounded portion)
  • body (majority
  • pyloric (region where exits into duodenum)
30
Q

Stomach muscularis externa

A

3 layers, longitudinal, circular, oblique

31
Q

Rugae

A

Folds of mucosa and submucosa that the stomach collapses into when empty

32
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

A physiological sphincter between the exit of the stomach and the entrance into the duodenum

33
Q

General gastric bypass surgery involves….

A

…removal of most of stomach and duodenum to reroute small portion of stomach straight to jejunum preventing eating too much and absorption

34
Q

Stomach function

A

Store swallowed food, mix with digetive juices and break up food for absorption into small intestine, very little actual absorption except for a few drugs such as aspirin

35
Q

Parietal cells

A

Secrete HCl and intrinsic factor into stomach

36
Q

Chief cells

A

Secrete pepsinogen into stomach

37
Q

Intrinsic factor

A

Required for B12 absorption in small intestine, secreted by parietal cells into stomach, without it results in macrocytic anemia

38
Q

Neuroendocrine/G cells

A

Secrete gastrin, histamine, and somatostatin into stomach

39
Q

Histamine function in stomach

A

Facilitate acid production by parietal cells

40
Q

Somatostatin function in stomach

A

Inhibit acid secretion, helpful to increase pH before entrance into duodenum

41
Q

Gastrin function

A

Regulate gastric acid and motility of stomach

42
Q

3 phases of gastric secretion

A

1) Cephalic - brain receives stimulation to get sttomach ready for food reception
2) gastric - HCl, pepsin, muscularis contractions
3) Intestinal - duodenal enzymes slow emptying of stomach to prevent too much food at once as well as icnrease pH

43
Q

Arteries of the esophagus (3)

A

1) Inferior thyroid artery provides upper esophageal spincter
2) thoracic aorta and bronchial arteries supply thoracic esophagus
3) left gastric artery and left splenic artery supply lower esophageal spincter

44
Q

We rarely see infarction of esophagus. Why?

A

Recurrent blood supply from multiple branches throughout the body

45
Q

Veins of the esophagus (3)

A

1) upper 1/3 by inferior thyroid vein
2) middle 1/3 by azygous vein
3) gastric veins into portal system (THIS IS KEY, conection between portal and systemic venous system, can see varices)

46
Q

Caput medusa

A

The appearance of several distended abdominal veins typically from portal hypertension and accumulation of peritoneal fluid characteristic of end stage cirrhosis

Anatomy (33 decks)

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