Ears nose and throat lecture Powerpoint

Question 1

Auricular hematoma

Answer 1

Collection of blood underneath perichondrium of ear often leading to deformity known as cauliflower ear

Question 2

Otitis externa

Answer 2

Infection of the external ear, also known as swimmer’s ear

Question 3

distal 1/3rd of external ear is ____, proximal 2/3rd is ____ and is painful when touched

Answer 3

cartilage with ceruminous glands and hair follicles, temporal bone painful when touched

Question 4

Umbo

Answer 4

Where the malleus bone attaches to the tympanic membrane

Question 5

Cone of light

Answer 5

Reflected light on the anterior inferior quadrant of the tympanic membrane when viewed via otoscope, points at the umbo and if distorted could indicate ottitis media

Question 6

Pars flaccida and pars tensa

Answer 6

• Pars flaccida is the flaccid upper portion of the tympanic membrane that has the pars flaccida pass deep to it.
• Pars tensa is the inferior majority portion of the eardrum, more likely to undergo perforation

Question 7

Myringotomy tube

Answer 7

A surgical implant onto the tympanic membrane to allow for fluid to continually exit the middle ear preventing infection from occurring, especially if the eustachian tube cannot drain

Question 8

Ossicles order

Answer 8

• Tympanic membrane
• Malleus
• Incus
• stapes
• oval window

Question 9

Example of how children are more likely to have otitis media from fluid buildup

Answer 9

The eustachian tube angle increases as children grow allowing for easier equilization of pressure/release of fluid in adults and thus fewer infections

Question 10

Tympanic reflex

Answer 10

Protect the cochlea in response to loud noises via the tensor tympani and stapedius muscles, does not protect against prolonged loud noises only building noise like thunder

Question 11

Tensor tympani and stapedius muscle functions

Answer 11

Tensor tympani - pull eardrum inward tightening it

Stapedius - reduces mobility of stapes

Question 12

Tympanosclerosis

Answer 12

White plaque scar tissue buildup on the tympanic membrane

Question 13

The inner ear is a membranous labyrinth within a….

Answer 13

…bony labyrinth

Question 14

3 parts of the inner ear

Answer 14

Vestibuble
Cochlea
semicircular canals

Question 15

Unlike the outer and middle ears, the inner ear is filled with…

Answer 15

fluid

Question 16

Vestibule

Answer 16

Central cavity of bony labrynth containing the utricle and saccule

Question 17

Utricle and Saccule

Answer 17

Hold equilibrium receptor regions within the vestibule that respond to the pull of gravity and the changes in head position in a straight line

Question 18

Semicircular canals

Answer 18

Part of the bony labyrinth that have an ampula on one end that respond to movements of the head in rotational movement

Question 19

Otolith

Answer 19

Free moving ear stone that moves linearly in the utricle and saccule to stimulate hair cells to detect linear acceleration

Question 20

Ampulla

Answer 20

Located on the end of a semicircular canal and houses a cupula

Question 21

Cupula

Answer 21

Cap where hair cells are located within an ampula within a semicircular canal that contains endolymph and hair cells stimulated to detect rotational acceleration

Question 22

Cochlea

Answer 22

Part of the bony labrynth that houses the organ of corti and extends in a spiral shape from the oval window to the round window, with a varying basalr membrane on the floor throughout that is stimulated by different frequencies

Question 23

Hearing mechanism

Answer 23

• Sound hits tympanic membrane
• tympanic membrane vibrates ossicles
• Ossicles fibrate oval window
• fluid wave stretches the basilar membrane at a certain frequency
• Basilar membrane oscillates
• Organ of corti hair cells at that frequency locus bend
• Hair cells send an ap down cochlear nerve

Question 24

Organ of corti

Answer 24

Sensory organ of hearing, spans width of the cochlea, is vibrated by the basilar membrane at varying frequency loci to send an AP interpreted as sound to the brain

Question 25

Ala nasi

Answer 25

Wing like protrusions at the base/entrance of the nose

Question 26

Nasal conchae/turbinates

Answer 26

Scroll shaped bony elements that increase the surface area of the nose and allow for humidifaction and cleansing of bacteria

Question 27

Length of the nasal cavity

Answer 27

Nostrils to posterior naris (choana)

Question 28

Olfactory mucosa

Answer 28

Lines the roof of the nasal fossa at the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone to allow for olfaction

Question 29

Frenulum

Answer 29

Small ridges of tissue that support the motion of where it is attached, for example the lingual frenulum underneath the tongue

Question 30

Wharton’s duct

Answer 30

Opening of the submandibular salivary gland under the tongue near the frenulum

Question 31

Stenson’s duct

Answer 31

Opening of the parotid duct on the inner cheek near the 2nd molar

Question 32

3 intrinsic salivary glands of the mouth

Answer 32

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

Question 33

Facial nerve provides taste on the…

Answer 33

…anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Question 34

Glossopharyngeal nerve provides taste on the….

Answer 34

…posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Question 35

Different chemical receptors responsible for the 5 sensations of taste

Answer 35

• sodium
• potassium
• chloride
• adenosine
• inosine
• sweet
• bitter
• glutamate
• H+ ion (acidic)