Musculoskeletal Anatomy of Upper Extremity Powerpoint Lecture Side Info Flashcards
5/30/19
Which arm forearm bone rotates?
The radius, the head of the radius is rounded and allows for spinning over the ulna
Bones that are particularly susceptible to injury in the wrist
- Carpal navicular/scaphoid is prone to fracture, blood supply becomes compromised resulting in long healing periods
- Lunate disloation is easy
Most likely spot for a clavicle break and most common mechanism to cause a clavicular fracture?
S bend, FOOSH (fall on outstretched hands)
Scapula primary function
Huge attachment site for muscles, such as rotator cuff
Frozen shoulder syndrome
Removed mobility of the scapula
PIP joint
Proximal interphalangeal joint between proximal and intermediate phalanges
IP joint
Interphalangeal joint, between proximal and distal phalanges on digit 1
DIP joint
Distal interphalangeal joint, between intermediate and distal phalanges
Cephalic vein pathway and similarities to lower limb
Travels up the anterior face of the arm in the superficial fascia, up the deltopectoral groove and empties into the subclavian or axillary vein, pretty much identical to great saphenous in lower limb
Basilic vein pathway
Travels up the medial face of the arm in the superficial fascia before diving deep and emptying into the axillary vein
Median cubital vein
Junction between cephalic and basilic, used in phlebotomy
Trace the aortic arch and its branches
Aorta
- brachiocephalic artery (right common carotid and right subclavian)
- left common carotid
- Left subclavian
- Subclavian becomes axillary
- Axillary becomes brachial
- brachial becomes radial and ulnar
- Radial becomes deep palmar arch
- ulnar becomes superficial palmar arch
- Anastamoses
Thoracoacromial trunk pathway
-Comes off axillary artery briefly after changing from subbclavian artery, sends blood vessels forward (pectoral branch) and backward (acromial branch)
Posterior and anterior humoral circumflex arteries
Surround the surgical and anatomical neck of the humerus
Dangers of improper casting
Cutting off blood supply to profunda brachii artery, particularly seen in children who frequently have humoral fractures
The brachial plexus is composed of _____ and ____ nerves
Sensory and motor
Bicipital aponeurosis
Separate from the biceps tendon insertion on the radial tuberocity, the aponeurosis extends superficially
TAN
Bicipital TENDON
Why is the blood supply to the hand redundant? What does this mean regarding injury?
The blood supply to the hand is redundant in that the superficial and deep palmar arch arteries anastamose together and share blood supply. This helps in the case of loss of one source by having another to work with. If blood supply is severed below the brachial artery then we WONT lose blood supply to the hand
Lateral thoracic artery
Comes off the axillary artery to travel the chest wall and eventually dipping into latissimus dorsi muscle, sometimes shares a trunk with subscapular artery
Subscapular artery
Comes off the axillary artery distal to the lateral thoracic artery to supply the scapular muscles, sometimes shares a trunk with the lateral thoracic artery
Issue with crutch impingement
Improper use of crutches can block the axillary artery and decrease blood flow, lateral thoracic and subscapular artery coming off of the brachial further down requires that for latissimus dorsi - numbness in lower back?
What nerve follows profunda brachii artery?
radial nerve after the whole brachial plexus debacle
Why the SITS acronym is very fitting for the rotator cuff muscle function
Because the head of the humerus is so much larger than the glenoid fossa, it can very easily be dislodged. The rotator cuff functions to SIT it in place
Thoracic outlet
Dime sized space between the clavicle and the first rib that the arterial system and the brachial plexus have to pass through to reach the arm, any space occupying lesion will cause impingement
TAN acronym for contents of the cubital fossa
Biceps brachii tendon, brachial artery, median nerve
Common flexor tendon
Shared tendon between 3 forearm muscles on the medial epicondyle of the humerus, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus, flexor carpi radialis
Trigger finger syndrome
Because the tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis bifurcate at the middle phalanges and flexor digitorum profundus slides underneath, a lesion on profundus could cause an inability to unflex the finger
Extensor aponeurosis
The opposing side of the flexor retinaculum, features 6 tunnels for things to pass through
Common extensor tendon
Shared tendon between 3 forearm muscles on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi
Tunnel 1
abductor pollocis longus and extensor pollucis brevis
Tunnel 2
extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis
Tunnel 3
extensor pollocis longus
Tunnel 4
extensor indices and extensor digitorum
Tunnel 5
Extensor digiti minimi
Tunnel 6
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Carpal tunnel causes numbness in…
The palmar face of the first, 2nd, 3rd, and part of 4th digits
3 things that travel under the coracoacromial arch
Supraspinatus muscle, biceps brachii long head tendon, and bursa
Borders of the thoracic outlet
Anterior scalenes muscle, clavicle, first rib
