Musculoskeletal Anatomy of Upper Extremity Powerpoint Lecture Side Info

Question 1

Which arm forearm bone rotates?

Answer 1

The radius, the head of the radius is rounded and allows for spinning over the ulna

Question 2

Bones that are particularly susceptible to injury in the wrist

Answer 2

• Carpal navicular/scaphoid is prone to fracture, blood supply becomes compromised resulting in long healing periods
• Lunate disloation is easy

Question 3

Most likely spot for a clavicle break and most common mechanism to cause a clavicular fracture?

Answer 3

S bend, FOOSH (fall on outstretched hands)

Question 4

Scapula primary function

Answer 4

Huge attachment site for muscles, such as rotator cuff

Question 5

Frozen shoulder syndrome

Answer 5

Removed mobility of the scapula

Question 6

PIP joint

Answer 6

Proximal interphalangeal joint between proximal and intermediate phalanges

Question 7

IP joint

Answer 7

Interphalangeal joint, between proximal and distal phalanges on digit 1

Question 8

DIP joint

Answer 8

Distal interphalangeal joint, between intermediate and distal phalanges

Question 9

Cephalic vein pathway and similarities to lower limb

Answer 9

Travels up the anterior face of the arm in the superficial fascia, up the deltopectoral groove and empties into the subclavian or axillary vein, pretty much identical to great saphenous in lower limb

Question 10

Basilic vein pathway

Answer 10

Travels up the medial face of the arm in the superficial fascia before diving deep and emptying into the axillary vein

Question 11

Median cubital vein

Answer 11

Junction between cephalic and basilic, used in phlebotomy

Question 12

Trace the aortic arch and its branches

Answer 12

Aorta

• brachiocephalic artery (right common carotid and right subclavian)
• left common carotid
• Left subclavian
• Subclavian becomes axillary
• Axillary becomes brachial
• brachial becomes radial and ulnar
• Radial becomes deep palmar arch
• ulnar becomes superficial palmar arch
• Anastamoses

Question 13

Thoracoacromial trunk pathway

Answer 13

-Comes off axillary artery briefly after changing from subbclavian artery, sends blood vessels forward (pectoral branch) and backward (acromial branch)

Question 14

Posterior and anterior humoral circumflex arteries

Answer 14

Surround the surgical and anatomical neck of the humerus

Question 15

Dangers of improper casting

Answer 15

Cutting off blood supply to profunda brachii artery, particularly seen in children who frequently have humoral fractures

Question 16

The brachial plexus is composed of _____ and ____ nerves

Answer 16

Sensory and motor

Question 17

Bicipital aponeurosis

Answer 17

Separate from the biceps tendon insertion on the radial tuberocity, the aponeurosis extends superficially

Question 18

TAN

Answer 18

Bicipital TENDON

Question 19

Why is the blood supply to the hand redundant? What does this mean regarding injury?

Answer 19

The blood supply to the hand is redundant in that the superficial and deep palmar arch arteries anastamose together and share blood supply. This helps in the case of loss of one source by having another to work with. If blood supply is severed below the brachial artery then we WONT lose blood supply to the hand

Question 20

Lateral thoracic artery

Answer 20

Comes off the axillary artery to travel the chest wall and eventually dipping into latissimus dorsi muscle, sometimes shares a trunk with subscapular artery

Question 21

Subscapular artery

Answer 21

Comes off the axillary artery distal to the lateral thoracic artery to supply the scapular muscles, sometimes shares a trunk with the lateral thoracic artery

Question 22

Issue with crutch impingement

Answer 22

Improper use of crutches can block the axillary artery and decrease blood flow, lateral thoracic and subscapular artery coming off of the brachial further down requires that for latissimus dorsi - numbness in lower back?

Question 23

What nerve follows profunda brachii artery?

Answer 23

radial nerve after the whole brachial plexus debacle

Question 24

Why the SITS acronym is very fitting for the rotator cuff muscle function

Answer 24

Because the head of the humerus is so much larger than the glenoid fossa, it can very easily be dislodged. The rotator cuff functions to SIT it in place

Question 25

Thoracic outlet

Answer 25

Dime sized space between the clavicle and the first rib that the arterial system and the brachial plexus have to pass through to reach the arm, any space occupying lesion will cause impingement

Question 26

TAN acronym for contents of the cubital fossa

Answer 26

Biceps brachii tendon, brachial artery, median nerve

Question 27

Common flexor tendon

Answer 27

Shared tendon between 3 forearm muscles on the medial epicondyle of the humerus, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus, flexor carpi radialis

Question 28

Trigger finger syndrome

Answer 28

Because the tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis bifurcate at the middle phalanges and flexor digitorum profundus slides underneath, a lesion on profundus could cause an inability to unflex the finger

Question 29

Extensor aponeurosis

Answer 29

The opposing side of the flexor retinaculum, features 6 tunnels for things to pass through

Question 30

Common extensor tendon

Answer 30

Shared tendon between 3 forearm muscles on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi

Question 31

Tunnel 1

Answer 31

abductor pollocis longus and extensor pollucis brevis

Question 32

Tunnel 2

Answer 32

extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis

Question 33

Tunnel 3

Answer 33

extensor pollocis longus

Question 34

Tunnel 4

Answer 34

extensor indices and extensor digitorum

Question 35

Tunnel 5

Answer 35

Extensor digiti minimi

Question 36

Tunnel 6

Answer 36

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 37

Carpal tunnel causes numbness in…

Answer 37

The palmar face of the first, 2nd, 3rd, and part of 4th digits

Question 38

3 things that travel under the coracoacromial arch

Answer 38

Supraspinatus muscle, biceps brachii long head tendon, and bursa

Question 39

Borders of the thoracic outlet

Answer 39

Anterior scalenes muscle, clavicle, first rib