Lower and upper extremity Articulations Powerpoint

Question 1

Osteon/Haversion canal

Answer 1

Hollow tubes in cortical bone that serves as passage for the vessels to supply the structure

Question 2

Lamella

Answer 2

One of the layers of an osteon/havarsion system that radiate outward from the canal center

Question 3

Lacunae

Answer 3

A hole in hydroxapatite matrix that stores osteocytes (inactive form of osteoblasts)

Question 4

Osteocytes

Answer 4

Inactive osteoblast cells that reside in lacunae in the matrix of bone

Question 5

Osteoblast

Answer 5

Functionally lay down hydroxapatite matrix forming cortical bone, stimulated by calcitonin and inhibited by PTH

Question 6

Osteoclast

Answer 6

Functionally remove hydroxapatite matrix by removing cortical bone via phagocytosis, inhibited by calcitonin

Question 7

Low blood calcium causes release of ____, high blood calcium causes release of ______

Answer 7

PTH, calcitonin

Question 8

Hypercalcemia

Answer 8

Excess blood Ca2+, results in fatigue, renal failure, cardiac arrhythmia

Question 9

Osteomalacia (rickets disease in children)

Answer 9

Caused by inadequate vit. D intake (and treated with supplement), causes weakness and bone pain

Question 10

Osteoperosis

Answer 10

Caused by failure to form new bone, no symptoms until fractures, diagnosed via dexa scan and treated with exercise and meds

Question 11

Ligament definition and function

Answer 11

Attachment of tissue from bone to bone, function to stabilize the joint and to facilitate the desired motion set by the ligament’s orientation

Question 12

Sacrotuberous ligament

Answer 12

Insertion: Sacrum to ischial tuberosity
Function: Houses a nerve, intertwined with the sacrospinous ligament

Question 13

Sacrospinous ligament

Answer 13

Insertion: Sacrum to ischial spine
Function: Anterior to the sacrotuberous ligament, forms the greater sciatic foramen, functionally prevents the ileum from sliding posterior to sacrum, intertwined with sacrotuberous ligament

Question 14

Sacroiliac ligament

Answer 14

Insertion: Sacrum to Iliac
Function: Tightly intermingle the sacrum with the ileum

Question 15

Acetabular labrum

Answer 15

Insertion: Femur head to acetabolum of pelvic bone
Function: Tightly wrap around the ball and socket joint of the femur with the pelvic girdle

Question 16

Iliofemoral ligament

Answer 16

Insertion: Anterior inferior iliac spine to femur
Function: Strongest ligament in the body, Y ligament, helps us remain upright while walking

Question 17

Ischiofemoral ligament (no function given)

Answer 17

Insertion: Ischium to femur
Function: Not much to say

Question 18

Pubofemoral ligament

Answer 18

Insertion: Superior ramus of the pubis to the femur
Function: prevents hyper-abduction at the hip joint (god help when you do the splits yo)

Question 19

Ligamentum teres femoris

Answer 19

Insertion: Acetabolum of pelvic bone to femur
Function: Create synovial joint for the femur head

Question 20

Anterior cruciate ligament

Answer 20

Insertion: Femur to tibia, crossing anteriomedially over the PCL
Function: limit anterior displacement of tibia

Question 21

Posterior cruciate ligament

Answer 21

Insertion: femur to tibia, crossing posteriolaterally behind the ACL
Function: limit posterior displacement of tibia

Question 22

Medial collateral ligament

Answer 22

Insertion: Medial femur to tibia
Function: prevent medial directed force on the tibia and femur

Question 23

Lateral collateral ligament

Answer 23

Insertion: lateral femur to lateral fibula
Function: prevent lateral directed force on fibula and femur

Question 24

Medial/Lateral Meniscus

Answer 24

Insertion: between tibia and femur
Function: Shock absorber, provide stability

Question 25

Anterior tibiofibular ligament (no function listed)

Answer 25

Insertion: anterior face of inferior space between tibia and fibula
Function: mmmk

Question 26

Anterior talofibular ligament

Answer 26

Insertion: Lateral malleolus to anterior talus
Function: Most commonly injured in an ankle sprain, prevents foot from sliding forward during a sprain

Question 27

Calcaneofibular ligament (no function listed)

Answer 27

Insertion: Lateral malleolus to calcaneous posterioinferiorally
Function:

Question 28

Posterior talofibular ligament (no function listed

Answer 28

Insertion: Lateral malleolus to posterior talus
Function:

Question 29

Posterior tibiofibular ligament (no function listed)

Answer 29

Insertion: posterior face of inferior space between tibia and fibula
Function

Question 30

Acromioclavicular ligament

Answer 30

Insertion: Lateral clavicle to acromion
Function: 1 of 2 attachments between clavicle and scapula

Question 31

Coracoclavicular ligament

Answer 31

Insertion: Inferior clavicle to coracoid process
Function: 1 of 2 attachmentts between clavicle and scapula

Question 32

Coracoacromial ligament

Answer 32

Insertion: Coracoid process to acromion
Function: Forms a roof over the humerus attachment, has passage of supraspinatus muscle through it?

Question 33

inferior/anterior/posterior glenohumoral ligaments

Answer 33

Insertion: Space around glenoid fossa to humerus
Function: limit movement, none exists superiorally allowing for reach amirite

Question 34

Capsular ligaments

Answer 34

Insertion: glenoid of scapula to femur
Function: Acts as a joint capsule, surrounded by the rotator cuff

Question 35

Glenoid labrum

Answer 35

Insertion: Glenoid fossa to humerus head
Function: Increase bony contact area

Question 36

Radial collateral ligament

Answer 36

Insertion: Proximal radius to distal humerus
Function: resist lateral directed force on the elbow joint

Question 37

Ulnar collateral ligament

Answer 37

Insertion: proximal ulna to distal humerus
Function: resist medial directed force on elbow joint

Question 38

Annular ligament

Answer 38

Insertion: Radius to ulna
Function: protect integrity of radius in radial notch of the ulna but allow for supination and pronation