Neuroanatomy CNS Brain Lecture Powerpoint

Question 1

Craniosynostosis

Answer 1

growth condition where the suture lines of the cranium shut early and don’t allow for continued growth of skull, results in misshapen head where they meet or no closure at all resulting in brain not being able to grow into space

Question 2

Pterion

Answer 2

Region where parietal, temporal, frontal, and sphenoid bone all come together that is particularly structural weak when it comes to injury, branch of middle meningeal artery passes thru here

Question 3

Rostral

Answer 3

Anterior in the brain while superior in the spinal cord

Question 4

Caudal

Answer 4

Posterior in the brain while inferior in the spinal cord

Question 5

Cerebral cortex

Answer 5

The surface of the brain forming a highly convoluted structure of gyri and sulci

Question 6

In the brain, grey matter is located ____ while white matter is located ____

Answer 6

superficial, deep

Question 7

Longitudial fissures

Answer 7

Deep groove that divides the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum

Question 8

Lateral sulcus

Answer 8

divides temporal lobe from parietal and frontal lobe

Question 9

Olfactory bulb

Answer 9

The most inferior portion of the frontal lobe, neuronal bundle with specialized axons that extend thru the cribiform plate for olfaction

Question 10

Injury to frontal lobe results in…

Answer 10

• Inability to retrieve recent memory
• Inattentiveness
• Difficulty learning new information

Question 11

Parietal lobe function

Answer 11

-Perceptions of touch, pain, limb position, self image

Question 12

Injury to the parietal lobe results in….

Answer 12

• Difficulty differentiating stimuli
• Impaired self awareness and image
• Impaired orientation

Question 13

Wernicke’s area

Answer 13

Portion of the posterior temporal lobe that allows for interpretation of written and spoken words

Question 14

Broca’s area

Answer 14

Portion of anterior temporal lobe that allows for articulatoin of speech alongside part of frontal lobe located right next to it

Question 15

Damage to left temporal lobe might cause ___ while right causes ____

Answer 15

Difficulty remembring what people said, ability to recall music or pictures

Question 16

Wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 16

Injury to the temporal lobe that results in inability to comprehend/interpret spoken or written word, while visual and auditory pathways remain unaffected, manifests as fluent speech but distorted and illogical

Question 17

Broca’s aphasia

Answer 17

Injury to the temporal lobe that results in the inability to articulate spoken words, manifests as choppy speech but logical, expressive aphasia

Question 18

Injury to occipital lobe results in…

Answer 18

• Visual impariment
• Visual hallucinations
• Inability to recognize faces

Question 19

Injury to cerebellum results in….

Answer 19

-Ataxia (loss of muscle coordination)

Question 20

Brain stem is composed of….

Answer 20

• Midbrain

- Hindbrain (pons and medulla)

Question 21

Midbrain

Answer 21

Located deep to the cerebrum, origion of 2 cranial nerves (III, and IV), regulates eye movement to view someting while turning head and movement of head to hear sounds better

Question 22

Pons

Answer 22

Located directly posterior to hanging pituitary, relays messages to brain, contains pneumotaxic center to regulate respiration

Question 23

Medulla oblongata

Answer 23

Located inferiorally to the pons, controls autonomic functions such as repsiratoin, blood pressure, heart rate, and vomiting reflex

Question 24

Hypothalamus

Answer 24

Located superior to the pituitary and forms the floor of the 3rd ventricle of the brain, regulates functions such as body temp, emotions, hunger, thirst, circadian rhythms, and the pituitary gland

Question 25

Diencephalon

Answer 25

Composed of the thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 26

Thalamus

Answer 26

Forms part of the lateral walls of the 3rd ventricles, sits on top of hypothalamus and transmits information

Question 27

Limbic system

Answer 27

Group of structures including the amygdala, hippocampus projecting laterally underlying the cerebrum

Question 28

Hippocampus

Answer 28

Portion of limbic system located in the underlying portion of the temporal lobe, funtions include learning and memory

Question 29

Amygdala

Answer 29

Portion of limbic system located in the underlying portion of the temporal and frontal lobe, function includes processing emotional reactions and memory

Question 30

2 layers of dura mater

Answer 30

1) periosteal - directly adherant to skull
2) meningeal - deep to the periosteal layer and not direclty adherant to the skull, forms falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli

Question 31

Falx cerebri

Answer 31

Areas where the dura mater folds inwards along the longitudinal fissure of the cerebrum

Question 32

Tentorium cerebelli

Answer 32

Area where the dura mater folds inwards to separate occipital lobe and cerebellum

Question 33

Arachnoid mater

Answer 33

Nonvascular connective tissue that adjoins but does not adhere to dura mater (allowing for subdural hematoma) has subarachnoid space where CSF flows thru and small trabechulae adhering it to the pia mater

Question 34

Pia mater

Answer 34

Innermost layer of meninges adherant to the surface of brain and spinal cord

Question 35

All spinal nerves are covered by…

Answer 35

…arachnoid and pia mater

Question 36

Layers of meninges most likely to be infected

Answer 36

Arachnoid and pia, streetched when flexing head and neck

Question 37

CSF is produced by the ___

Answer 37

Choroid plexus

Question 38

4 ventricles of the brain

Answer 38

Left lateral, right lateral, 3rd, and 4th

Question 39

Arachnoid villi

Answer 39

Projections of the aracnoid matter into the subarachnoid space to reabsorb CSF into the saggital sinus vein