Eye Anatomy Lecture

Question 1

Globe

Answer 1

Surface of the eyeball proper

Question 2

Orbit

Answer 2

Bony cavity housing the eye

Question 3

7 bones that comprise the orbit

Answer 3

1) lacrimal
2) maxilla
3) frontal
4) zygomatic
5) sphenoid
6) ethmoid
7) palatine

Question 4

Vision falls within the spectrum of 400nm to 75nm. Anything below 400 nm ____ the cells while anything above 750 nm ____ the cells

Answer 4

Kills, doesn’t carry enough energy to cause a photochemical reaction

Question 5

Medial and lateral in regards to the eye

Answer 5

Nasal and temporal

Question 6

Conjunctiva

Answer 6

Clear coating that covers the anterior sclera of the eye and eyelid (continuous so nothing can get trapped behind the eye)

Question 7

Medial and lateral commissure

Answer 7

Skin areas outside the eye where the corners meet

Question 8

Lacrimal caruncle

Answer 8

The red area of the nasalmost portion of the eye

Question 9

Orbicularis oculi muscle

Answer 9

Surrounds the eye allowing for closure of eyelid

Question 10

Tarsal/meibomian glands

Answer 10

Holocrine glands on the tarsal plate that secrete an oily substance to reduce tear evaporation in the eye

Question 11

Tarsal plate

Answer 11

The superior and inferior connective tissue that form the inside of the eyelid

Question 12

Bulbar vs palpebral conjunctiva

Answer 12

Palpebral covers the inside of the eyelid, bulbar covers the sclera

Question 13

Tear flow pathway

Answer 13

Lacrimal gland (upper lateral eye) across eye, into lacrimal sac and then nasal lacrimal duct, then to nose

Question 14

Superior, inferior, and medial rectus, inferior oblique muscle (action) and innervation

Answer 14

Inferior oblique moves the eye up and inward, all innervated by CN III

Question 15

Lateral rectus muscle innervation

Answer 15

CN VI

Question 16

Superior oblique muscle (action) and innervation

Answer 16

Superior oblique moves the eye down and inward, innervated by CN IV

Question 17

Levator pallpebrae superioris muscle function and innervation

Answer 17

Functions to lift the eyelid, CN III

Question 18

3 tunics of eyeball and features

Answer 18

Tunica fibrosa - sclera and cornea
Tunica vasculosa - choroid, ciliary body and iris
tunica interna - retina and optic nerve

Question 19

Ciliary body

Answer 19

Functions to produce aqueous humor that flows from the posterior to anterior chamber through the pupil where it is reabosrbed into canal of schlemm

Question 20

Failure of aqeuous humor to drain into canal of schlemm can lead to what pathology?

Answer 20

Glaucoma

Question 21

Components of the forebrain

Answer 21

Telencephalon, diencephalon, and retina

Question 22

A complete inability to focus vision could be due to a retinal detachment where?

Answer 22

The macula densa

Question 23

Fovea

Answer 23

Region of the macula that is most dense with only cones,

Question 24

Blind spot

Answer 24

Area of the eye where the optic disk lies (where the optic nerve and vessels exit the posterior face of the eyeball) often filled in by the brain

Question 25

A large cup to disk ratio implies...

Answer 25

...glaucoma or other pathology

Question 26

Miotic eyedrops stimulate what type of innervation

Answer 26

Parasympathetic, pupillary constriction

Question 27

Mydriatic eyedrops stimulate what type of innervation and casue what?

Answer 27

Sympathetic, pupillary dilation

Question 28

Ectopic pupil

Answer 28

When a pupil does not form at the center of the iris

Question 29

The near response

Answer 29

- Constriction of pupil - Contract ciliary muscle and relax suspensory ligaments to relax lens into more convex shape - Convergence of eyes - increased refraction

Question 30

The far response

Answer 30

- Relaxation of pupil - Relax ciliary muscle and contract suspensory ligament to tighten lens into more straight shape - no convergence of eyes - decreased refraction

Question 31

Hyperopia

Answer 31

Farsighted, eyeball too short

Question 32

Myopia

Answer 32

Nearsighted, eyeball too long

Question 33

Rods have ____, cones have ____

Answer 33

rhodopsin, iodopsin

Question 34

Rods mech of action

Answer 34

Produce steady ion flow in dark that causes inhibitory post synaptic potential that produces no signal in the optic nerve, upon light the dark current ceases so excitatory post synaptic potential occurs in the optic nerve

Question 35

Light adaptation is -____ than dark

Answer 35

faster

Question 36

Ambylopia

Answer 36

Lazy eye

Question 37

Visual projection pathway starting with the optic nerve

Answer 37

``` Optic nerve optic chiasm Optic tract Lateral geniculate body Optic radiations Visual cortex ```