Eye Anatomy Lecture Flashcards
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Globe
Surface of the eyeball proper
Orbit
Bony cavity housing the eye
7 bones that comprise the orbit
1) lacrimal
2) maxilla
3) frontal
4) zygomatic
5) sphenoid
6) ethmoid
7) palatine
Vision falls within the spectrum of 400nm to 75nm. Anything below 400 nm ____ the cells while anything above 750 nm ____ the cells
Kills, doesn’t carry enough energy to cause a photochemical reaction
Medial and lateral in regards to the eye
Nasal and temporal
Conjunctiva
Clear coating that covers the anterior sclera of the eye and eyelid (continuous so nothing can get trapped behind the eye)
Medial and lateral commissure
Skin areas outside the eye where the corners meet
Lacrimal caruncle
The red area of the nasalmost portion of the eye
Orbicularis oculi muscle
Surrounds the eye allowing for closure of eyelid
Tarsal/meibomian glands
Holocrine glands on the tarsal plate that secrete an oily substance to reduce tear evaporation in the eye
Tarsal plate
The superior and inferior connective tissue that form the inside of the eyelid
Bulbar vs palpebral conjunctiva
Palpebral covers the inside of the eyelid, bulbar covers the sclera
Tear flow pathway
Lacrimal gland (upper lateral eye) across eye, into lacrimal sac and then nasal lacrimal duct, then to nose
Superior, inferior, and medial rectus, inferior oblique muscle (action) and innervation
Inferior oblique moves the eye up and inward, all innervated by CN III
Lateral rectus muscle innervation
CN VI
Superior oblique muscle (action) and innervation
Superior oblique moves the eye down and inward, innervated by CN IV
Levator pallpebrae superioris muscle function and innervation
Functions to lift the eyelid, CN III
3 tunics of eyeball and features
Tunica fibrosa - sclera and cornea
Tunica vasculosa - choroid, ciliary body and iris
tunica interna - retina and optic nerve
Ciliary body
Functions to produce aqueous humor that flows from the posterior to anterior chamber through the pupil where it is reabosrbed into canal of schlemm
Failure of aqeuous humor to drain into canal of schlemm can lead to what pathology?
Glaucoma
Components of the forebrain
Telencephalon, diencephalon, and retina
A complete inability to focus vision could be due to a retinal detachment where?
The macula densa
Fovea
Region of the macula that is most dense with only cones,
Blind spot
Area of the eye where the optic disk lies (where the optic nerve and vessels exit the posterior face of the eyeball) often filled in by the brain
A large cup to disk ratio implies…
…glaucoma or other pathology
Miotic eyedrops stimulate what type of innervation
Parasympathetic, pupillary constriction
Mydriatic eyedrops stimulate what type of innervation and casue what?
Sympathetic, pupillary dilation
Ectopic pupil
When a pupil does not form at the center of the iris
The near response
- Constriction of pupil
- Contract ciliary muscle and relax suspensory ligaments to relax lens into more convex shape
- Convergence of eyes
- increased refraction
The far response
- Relaxation of pupil
- Relax ciliary muscle and contract suspensory ligament to tighten lens into more straight shape
- no convergence of eyes
- decreased refraction
Hyperopia
Farsighted, eyeball too short
Myopia
Nearsighted, eyeball too long
Rods have ____, cones have ____
rhodopsin, iodopsin
Rods mech of action
Produce steady ion flow in dark that causes inhibitory post synaptic potential that produces no signal in the optic nerve, upon light the dark current ceases so excitatory post synaptic potential occurs in the optic nerve
Light adaptation is -____ than dark
faster
Ambylopia
Lazy eye
Visual projection pathway starting with the optic nerve
Optic nerve optic chiasm Optic tract Lateral geniculate body Optic radiations Visual cortex
