Anatomy of Respiratory System Powerpoint Flashcards
anna mae is crazy
4 components of gas exchange
1) ventilation (sometimes called convection) - movement of air into lungs
2) perfusion - movement and distribution of blood thru circulation
3) diffusion - movement of o2 and co2 across alveolar capillary membrane
4) Regulation of breathing
7 nonrespiratory functions of respiratory system
1) water loss/heat elimination
2) enhance venous return via respiratory pump
3) pH balance
4) phonation
5) immune
6) hormonal
7) facilitates sense of smell
Inspiration is active process, while expiration is typically….
…passive
Internal intercostals
Involved in expiration (active expiration, which doesnt typically occur), innervated by intercostal nerves
External intercostals
Involved in inspiration, innervated by intercostal nerves
4 major centers of the brainstem (medulla and pons) associated with respiration
- Inspiratory center (dorsal, medulla)
- Expiratory center (ventral, medulla)
- Pneumotaxic center (pons)
- Apneustic center
Carotid and aortic bodies
Small thickened regions in the carotid and aorta that contain peripheral chemoreceptors detecting blood CO2 levels innervated thru glossopharyngeal nerve (carotid) and vagus (aortic)
Ventral respiratory group
Controls voluntary forced exhalation and the rhythm of inhalation and exhalation
Dorsal respiratory group
Controls inspiratory movements and their timing
Pneumotaxic center
Coordinates speed of inhalation and exhalation by sending inhibitory impulses to inspiratory area, fine tunes respiration rate
Apneustic center
Coordinates speed of inhalation and exhalation by sending stimulatory impulses to the inspiratory area, overridden by pneumotaxic control from pons to end inspiration
Epithelium lining respiratory tract
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells
Unique function of the paranasal sinuses….
…decrease skull bone weight
What blocks material from the oral cavity from entering the nasopharynx?
Uvula
Eustachian tubes
Function to connect the middle ear with the nasopharynx and equalize air pressure/drain fluid
Adenoids
Single pharyngeal tonsil, similar to the lingual and palatine tonsils, housed in the posterior nasopharynx, present in children but shrinks by adulthood, accessory
Epithelium lining pharynx
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium