Vaccines BRS Flashcards
Live vaccines: what are they
MMR, live attenuated intranasal influenza (LA-IV), varicella (LA), live attenuated oral polio (LA-OPV)
Pros/Cons of Live vaccines
induction of greater immunity but have higher risk of vaccine-associated disease
Non-live vaccines: what are they
inactivated HIB (conjugate vaccine), polio (IPV), Hep A, Hep B, rotavirus, influenza (IIV), Pneumococcal (13 and 23) , HPV, and Meningococcal (MCV)
HBV rational
90% of affected infants will develop chronic infection, 750k die from HepB/complications
HBV type and schedule
inactivated virus, three shots administered with first year of life
DTaP rational
all cause serious illness in infants, pertussis –> serious mortality in the US
DTaP type and schedule
inactivated
three shots recommended at 2, 4, and 6 months; two booster shots, 12-18 months and 4-6 years
Tdap: what, when
booster shot for adolescents and adults
has less diptheria component
recommended at ages 11-12 yo. After first, given every 10 yrs
Child aged 7-10 yo who hasnt received DTaP
give Tdap rather than DTaP
Child who hasn’t completed their DTaP series by their 7th birthday
Tdap rather than DTaP
LA-OPV: what, when, advantages
live attenuated oral polio vaccine: NO LONGER USED IN THE US
IPV
inactivated polio vaccine
subq or IM
recommended at ages 2 and 4 months and then boosters at 6-18 months and 4-6 yrs of age
Rotavirus: significance
2 million hospitalized and 450,000 die from disease caused by rotavirus
given at 2, 4, and 6 months of age
HIB
conjugate vaccine, inactivated
recommended at ages 2, 4, and 6 months with boosters at 12-15 months.
after 15 months, vaccine confers lasting immunity no matter how many doses they received prior
MMR
live attenuated vaccine
two-series vaccine with one booster
recommended @ 12 and 15 months of age
booster at 4-6 years of age
infants between 6-12 months that are traveling to foreign countries also should also get a single dose, but does not count toward the two-series shots
Varicella
live attenuated vaccine
one shot, one booster
recommended at 12-18 months of age with a booster at 4-6 years of age
Hep A
most common viral cause of hepatitis worldwide
inactivated
two dose vaccination series starting at 1 years of age
booster at least 6 months later, but no later than 2 years of age
all children not fully vaccinated by 2 should be vaccinated at subsequent visits
PCV-13
Pneumococcal vaccine 13 (prevnar): all children at 2, 4, and 6 months of age, booster at 12-15 months
Healthy children without vaccination should be caught up before 5th birthday
PCV-23
two polysaccharide capsule antigens
has immunogenicity in children younger than 2 yo
indicated in….. children who are immunocompromised, have functional asplenia, chronic heart disease, chronic lung disease, diabetes, cerebrospinal fluid leak, cochlear implants
LAIV
Live attenuated influenza vaccine: administered intranasally
only available for children 2 yo or older without contraindications.
IIV
Inactivated Influenza Vaccine
available for children 6 months and older
NO CONTRAINDICATIONS
every child 6 mo and older should receive vaccine annually
first time: 6 mo and up
HPV
inactivated vaccine
two dose series: children 11-12 yo, second dose is 6 months after first
HPV in patients 15 yo who havent been vaccinated
three dose series
HPV can be administered in women up to what age? and in men?
26 (women) and 21 (men)
MCV
meningococcal vaccine, inactivated
rates highest in infants < 1 yo, teens, young adults ages 16-23
MCV recommendations
all kids 11-12 yo should get quadrivalent vaccine against serotypes Y, W, C, A + booster at 16-18 yo.
kids 2 months+ at high risk: 2, 4, 6, months, 12-15 months
10 yo+ for children at risk for serotype B
Contraindications to immunization 1-6
anaphylaxis
encephalopathy within 7 days after DTaP/Tdap
immunodeficient patients- no live vaccines
intussusception patients should not receive rotavirus
pregnant patients should not live vaccines
Precautions to DTaP vaccine (four)
temp. of 40.5 C w/in 48 hrs of administration of vaccine
collapse of shocklike state within 48 hours of vaccine
seizures w/in 3 days of vaccine
persistent, inconsolable crying lasting 3+ hours within 48
hours after vaccination
IIV, LAIV, RIV
inactivated influenza vaccine = most common influenza
LAIV = live attenuated influenza vaccination = intranasl.
RIV = recombinant influenza vaccination = Zero egg component relative to others, 18+ only.
