Vaccines BRS

Question 1

Live vaccines: what are they

Answer 1

MMR, live attenuated intranasal influenza (LA-IV), varicella (LA), live attenuated oral polio (LA-OPV)

Question 2

Pros/Cons of Live vaccines

Answer 2

induction of greater immunity but have higher risk of vaccine-associated disease

Question 3

Non-live vaccines: what are they

Answer 3

inactivated HIB (conjugate vaccine), polio (IPV), Hep A, Hep B, rotavirus, influenza (IIV), Pneumococcal (13 and 23) , HPV, and Meningococcal (MCV)

Question 4

HBV rational

Answer 4

90% of affected infants will develop chronic infection, 750k die from HepB/complications

Question 5

HBV type and schedule

Answer 5

inactivated virus, three shots administered with first year of life

Question 6

DTaP rational

Answer 6

all cause serious illness in infants, pertussis –> serious mortality in the US

Question 7

DTaP type and schedule

Answer 7

inactivated

three shots recommended at 2, 4, and 6 months; two booster shots, 12-18 months and 4-6 years

Question 8

Tdap: what, when

Answer 8

booster shot for adolescents and adults
has less diptheria component
recommended at ages 11-12 yo. After first, given every 10 yrs

Question 9

Child aged 7-10 yo who hasnt received DTaP

Answer 9

give Tdap rather than DTaP

Question 10

Child who hasn’t completed their DTaP series by their 7th birthday

Answer 10

Tdap rather than DTaP

Question 11

LA-OPV: what, when, advantages

Answer 11

live attenuated oral polio vaccine: NO LONGER USED IN THE US

Question 12

IPV

Answer 12

inactivated polio vaccine
subq or IM
recommended at ages 2 and 4 months and then boosters at 6-18 months and 4-6 yrs of age

Question 13

Rotavirus: significance

Answer 13

2 million hospitalized and 450,000 die from disease caused by rotavirus

given at 2, 4, and 6 months of age

Question 14

HIB

Answer 14

conjugate vaccine, inactivated
recommended at ages 2, 4, and 6 months with boosters at 12-15 months.

after 15 months, vaccine confers lasting immunity no matter how many doses they received prior

Question 15

MMR

Answer 15

live attenuated vaccine

two-series vaccine with one booster

recommended @ 12 and 15 months of age
booster at 4-6 years of age
infants between 6-12 months that are traveling to foreign countries also should also get a single dose, but does not count toward the two-series shots

Question 16

Varicella

Answer 16

live attenuated vaccine

one shot, one booster
recommended at 12-18 months of age with a booster at 4-6 years of age

Question 17

Hep A

Answer 17

most common viral cause of hepatitis worldwide
inactivated
two dose vaccination series starting at 1 years of age
booster at least 6 months later, but no later than 2 years of age

all children not fully vaccinated by 2 should be vaccinated at subsequent visits

Question 18

PCV-13

Answer 18

Pneumococcal vaccine 13 (prevnar): all children at 2, 4, and 6 months of age, booster at 12-15 months

Healthy children without vaccination should be caught up before 5th birthday

Question 19

PCV-23

Answer 19

two polysaccharide capsule antigens

has immunogenicity in children younger than 2 yo

indicated in….. children who are immunocompromised, have functional asplenia, chronic heart disease, chronic lung disease, diabetes, cerebrospinal fluid leak, cochlear implants

Question 20

LAIV

Answer 20

Live attenuated influenza vaccine: administered intranasally

only available for children 2 yo or older without contraindications.

Question 21

IIV

Answer 21

Inactivated Influenza Vaccine

available for children 6 months and older
NO CONTRAINDICATIONS

every child 6 mo and older should receive vaccine annually

first time: 6 mo and up

Question 22

HPV

Answer 22

inactivated vaccine

two dose series: children 11-12 yo, second dose is 6 months after first

Question 23

HPV in patients 15 yo who havent been vaccinated

Answer 23

three dose series

Question 24

HPV can be administered in women up to what age? and in men?

Answer 24

26 (women) and 21 (men)

Question 25

MCV

Answer 25

meningococcal vaccine, inactivated

rates highest in infants < 1 yo, teens, young adults ages 16-23

Question 26

MCV recommendations

Answer 26

all kids 11-12 yo should get quadrivalent vaccine against serotypes Y, W, C, A + booster at 16-18 yo.

kids 2 months+ at high risk: 2, 4, 6, months, 12-15 months

10 yo+ for children at risk for serotype B

Question 27

Contraindications to immunization 1-6

Answer 27

anaphylaxis
encephalopathy within 7 days after DTaP/Tdap
immunodeficient patients- no live vaccines
intussusception patients should not receive rotavirus
pregnant patients should not live vaccines

Question 28

Precautions to DTaP vaccine (four)

Answer 28

temp. of 40.5 C w/in 48 hrs of administration of vaccine

collapse of shocklike state within 48 hours of vaccine

seizures w/in 3 days of vaccine

persistent, inconsolable crying lasting 3+ hours within 48
hours after vaccination

Question 29

IIV, LAIV, RIV

Answer 29

inactivated influenza vaccine = most common influenza

LAIV = live attenuated influenza vaccination = intranasl.

RIV = recombinant influenza vaccination = Zero egg component relative to others, 18+ only.