GI Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MOA of H2 blockers?

A

Reversible block of histamine H2 receptors to decrease H+ secretion by parietal cells

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2
Q

What are the indications for H2 blockers?

A

Peptic ulcer, gastritis and esophageal reflux

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3
Q

What are the adverse effects of H2 blockers?

A

Prolactin release: Gynecomastia, decreased libido, impotence in males
Cimetidine inhibits P450

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4
Q

What are the H2 blockers?

A

Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Famotidine, and Nizatidine

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5
Q

What is the MOA of PPIs?

A

Irreversibly inhibit H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells

Decreases proton secretion by parietal cells

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6
Q

What are the inidications for PPIs?

A

Peptic ulcer, gastritis, mid-esophageal Reflux and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

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7
Q

What are some PPIs?

A

Omeprazole, Lansoprazole

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8
Q

What is the MOA of Misoprostol?

A

PGE1 analog, increase production and secretion of gastric mucous barrier, decreased acid production

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9
Q

What are the indications for Misoprostol?

A

Prevents NSAID-induced peptic ulcers, maintenance of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Induce labor

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10
Q

What are the Adverse Effects of Misoprostol?

A

Diarrhea; Contraindicated in women of childbearing potential abortion inducing drug

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11
Q

What is the MOA of Octreotide?

A

Long-acting somatostatin analog

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12
Q

What are the indications for Octreotide?

A

Acute variceal bleeds, acromegaly, VIPoma, carcinoid tumors

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13
Q

What are the Adverse Effects of Octreotide?

A

Nausea, cramps, steatorrhea

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14
Q

What is the MOA of Bismuth and Sucralfate?

A

Bind to ulcer base, providing physical protection allows bicarbonate ion secretion to reestablish pH gradient in the mucous layer

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15
Q

What is Bismuth and Sucralfate used for?

A

Increase ulcer healing, traveler’s diarrhea

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16
Q

What is the MOA of Infliximab?

A

Monoclonal antibody to TNF-alpha

17
Q

What are the Indications for Infliximab?

A

Crohn’s Disease, Rheumatoid arthritis

18
Q

What are the Adverse Effects of Infliximab?

A

Respiratory infection (including reactivation of latent TB) fever, hypotension

19
Q

What is the MOA of Sulfasalazine?

A

A combination of sulfapyridine (antibacterial) and 5-aminosalicylic acid (anti-inflammtory) activated by colonig bacteria

20
Q

What are the indications for Sulfalazine?

A

UC, Crohn’s disease

21
Q

What are the Adverse Effects of Sulfasalazine?

A

Malaise, nausea, Sulfonamide toxicity, reversible Oligospermia

22
Q

What is the MOA of Odansetron?

A

5-HT3 antagonist, powerful central acting antiemetic

23
Q

What are the indications for Odansetron?

A

Control vomiting in patients undergoing chemo therapy and postoperatively

24
Q

What are the Adverse Effects of Odansetron?

A

Headache, constipation, dizziness

25
What is the MOA osmotic Laxatives?
Provide osmotic load to draw water out Lactulose treats Hepatic encephalopathy: gut flora degrades it into metabolites (lactic acid and acetic acid) that promote Nitrogen excretion as NH4+
26
What is the indication for Osmotic Laxatives?
Constipation
27
What are the Adverse Effects of Osmotic Laxatives?
Diarrhea, dehydration, may be abused by bulimics
28
What are the Osmotic Laxatives?
Magnesium hydroxide, mag citrate, polyethylene glycol, Lactulose
29
What is the MOA of Metoclopramide?
D2 receptor antagonist; increase resting tone, contractility LES tone, motility
30
What are the indications for Metoclopramide?
Diabetic and post-surgery gastroparesis
31
What are the Adverse Effects of Metoclopramide?
Increased Parkinsonian effects, restlessness, drowsiness, fatigue, depression, nausea, diarrhea Drug interaction with digoxin and diabetic agents contraindicated in small bowel obstruction