Cardiovascular Qs

Question 1

summarize the RAS system (diagram on other side)

Answer 1

Question 2

MAP = (two variables)

Answer 2

CO x Sys Vasc Resistance

Question 3

hemorrhagic pericarditis vs cardiac tamponade vs Libman Sacks

Answer 3

_HP- s_een in TB: inflammation with blood into pericardial sac

Cardiac tamponade: no inflammation + blood directly into pericardial sac

libman sacks ENDOCARDITIS: SLE associated, fibrin vegetations growing on both sides of mitral and aortic valves

Question 4

SLE markers

Answer 4

anti dna, anti smith, anti nuclear abs

Question 5

in a cross sectional CT scan of the abdomin, how can you distinguish the aorta?

Answer 5

it sits directly against the vertebrae.

Question 6

drug of choice in a patient with hypertension and diabetic nephropathy or heart failure

Answer 6

ACEI to begin with

Question 7

exacerbates hyperuricemia and gouty arthropathy, can cause hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia

Answer 7

thiazide and loop diuretics

Question 9

starling equation, just the order of it

Answer 9

1) capillary mmHg is always first, oncotic (colloidal) is always substracted
2) keep the pressure types together
3) remember its the “pushing” forces minus the “pulling” forces
4) (Hydrostatic - hydrostatic) - (colloid - colloid)- (capillary hystostatic - interstitial hydrostatic) - (colloid - colloid)

Question 10

golden rule for evaluating the effects of drugs on the heart: blood pressure’s relationship to heart rate

Answer 10

1. look at BLOOD PRESSURE first and then HR
   
   1. blood vessels: changes on blood vessels will directly result from direct
   2. heart rate: changes in the heart will be due to indirect baroreceptor reflex or directly from drug interactions

Question 12

norepinephrine’s effects

Answer 12

alpha 1 agonist on blood vessels–> vasoconstriction —> results increased blood pressure –> baroreceptor reflex –> decrease in heart rate