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tsomkapQ > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the newborn screening tests?

A 
"Please Check Baby Before Going Home"
P - PKU
C - CAH/ CF
B - Biotinidase/ Beta- Thalassemia
G - Galactosemia
H - Hypothyroidism/ Homocystinuria
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2
Q

What is Vater Syndrome?

A

V - Vertebral abnormality
A - Anal
TE - Tracheal Esophageal Fistula
R - Renal

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3
Q

What is the Average IQ?

A

85-100

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4
Q

What are the most common causes of mental retardation in the US?

A

FAS, Fragile X and Down’s Syndrome

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5
Q

What is the APGAR test?

A 
Neonatal Rating Scale (0-10) Greater than 7
Test @ 1 minute and 5 minutes
A - Appearance (Color)
P - Pulse
G - Grimace
A - Activity
R - Respiration
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6
Q

What is the most common eye infection in New Born

A

First day - Clear discharge due to Silver Nitrate
First week - Gonorrhea (purulent discharge)
Second week - Chlamydia
Third week - Herpes

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7
Q

What are the causes of Hyperbilirubinemia?

A

Sepsis, ABO Incompatibility, Hypothyroidism and Breast-feeding

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8
Q

What is the cause of Symmetrically small babies?

A

In Early onset: Chromosomal Abnormalities or TORCHES

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9
Q

What is the cause of Asymmetrically Small babies?

A

In Late onset: Poor maternal nutrition and vascular disease

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10
Q

What is the cause of large babies?

A

DM or twin-twin transfusions

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11
Q

What is Milia?

A

Neonatal white or pale yellow heads on malar area

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12
Q

What is Nevus Flammeus?

A

Port Wine Stain

  • Permanent
  • Unilateral of face or neck
  • Vascular malformation
  • Sturge - Weber syndrome - Vasculitis
  • Mgt: Pulsed laser therapy
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13
Q

What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?

A

Red rash with oily skin and dry flaky hairline, crusty lesion

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14
Q

What are Mongolian spots?

A

Melanocytes on lower back

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15
Q

What is Erythema Toxicum?

A

White wheal on red area rash has Eosinophils

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16
Q

What is Subgaleal Hemorrhage?

A

Prolonged jaundice in newborns due to birthing trauma

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17
Q

What is Caput Succedaneum?

A

Bleeding under scalp (edema will cross suture lines)

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18
Q

What is Cephalohematoma?

A

Bleeding under bone (blood does not cross suture lines)

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19
Q

What is an Epstein’s Pearl?

A

White pearls on hard palate

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20
Q

What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?

A

Blocked Duct

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21
Q

What are wide sutures due to?

A

Hypothyroidism and Down’s Syndrome

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22
Q

What causes a Cleft Palate?

A

Maxillary shelves did not fuse

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23
Q

What causes a Cleft Lip?

A

Medial nasal prominence did not fuse

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24
Q

What is the most common cause of no red reflex?

A

Cataracts - Increased incidence with high glucose or galactose, Rubella, Failure of light stimulating the retina by 3 months of life and if this does not occur the child will be blind

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25
Q

What is the most common cause of a White Reflex?

A

Retinoblastoma

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26
Q

What is the sign of a Clavicle Fracture?

A

Asymmeteric Moro reflex

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27
Q

Where is the most common site of a Clavicle fracture due to birth?

A

Middle third of the Clavicle

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28
Q

What is an Omphalocele?

A

Intestines protrude out of the umbilicus covered by peritoneum

29
Q

What is Gastroschisis?

A

Wall defect lateral to midline - off center, abdominal wall with no sac covering

30
Q

What is associated with a Nephroblastoma?

A

nephroblastoma = wilm’s tumor

WAGR syndrome: hemihypertrophy, aniridia, wilm’s tumor

Abdominal mass due to enlarged kidney

Beckwith wideman syndrome= hemihypertrophy

31
Q

What is a Neuroblastoma?

A

Adrenal Medulla tumor
Hypsarrthymia
Opsoclonus
Increased urinary VMA

32
Q

What is Polyhydramnios?

A

Too much amniotic fluid (baby can’t swallow)

33
Q

What are the most common causes of Oligohydramnios?

A

Abdominal Muscle Problem: Prune Belly

Renal Agenesis: Potters Syndrome

34
Q

What is the most common cause of Polyhydramnios?

A

Neuromuscular problem: Werdnig Hoffman

GI problem: Duodenal atresia

35
Q

What is Oligohydramnios?

A

Too little amniotic fluid (baby can’t pee)

36
Q

What is Fifth’s disease?

A

Erythema Infectiosum “Slapped Cheeks”
B-19 Parvovirus
Aplastic anemia, in sickle cell patients
Hydrops Fetalis

37
Q

What is Sixth’s DIsease?

A

Roseola, Exanthema Subitum (fever disappears then rash appears)

38
Q

What is Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease?

A

Mouth ulcers, will not eat or drink

Palm and sole rash caused by coxsackie virus

39
Q

What is seen in Measles (Rubeola)?

A

prodromal fever + CCCK: Cough, Coryza (runny nose), Conjunctivitis—> then Koplik Spot—> 1-2 days later maculopapular rash @ head/neck first then spreads (Morbilliform blotchy rash)

40
Q

What is Molluscum Contagiosum

A

Flesh colored papules with a central dimple

41
Q

What is Mumps?

A

Parotitis (Red Stenson’s Duct)

42
Q

What is Otitis Media?

A

Fluid in the middle ear

43
Q

What is Pityriasis Rosea?

A

Herald Patch that migrates along skin lines in a Christmas Tree appearance

44
Q

What is Rubella (German 3-day Measles)

A

Trunk rash
Lymphadenopathy behind ears
they don’t look sick

45
Q

How is Smallpox different from Chickenpox?

A

Smallpox is on the face, same stage of development and fever

46
Q

What is seen with Varicella (Chickenpox)?

A

Red macule clear vesicle on red dot
Pus and scabbing
various stages of healing

47
Q

What is Zellweger’s?

A

Neonatal Seizures

48
Q

What is the most common cause of delayed speech developement?

A

Hearing loss

49
Q

What are the signs of child abuse?

A 
Multiple Ecchymosis
Retinal Hemorrhage
Epidural / Subdural Hemorrhage
Spiral Fractures (twisted)
Multiple fractures in different stages of healing
50
Q

What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta, bleeding disorders, Fifth’s disease and Mongolian spots

51
Q

What is Congenital Hip Dysplasia?

A

Hip dislocation may be developed in uterus during delivery, found during new born eval, gluteal fold asymmetric

The Barlow/Ortolani maneuver test: there is a palpable “clunk: or click as the hip is dislocated in a posterior-superior direction

52
Q

What is Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease?

A

A vascular necrosis of femoral head, more often in young children (4-8 y/o), mildly painful limb that develops insidiously. Range of motion is limited especially internal rotation and abduction, x-ray join effusion

53
Q

What is Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis?

A

Gradual or acute separation of the proximal femoral growth plate with femur head slipping off femoral neck and rotating into inferior-posterior position. Most common during puberty and more in overweight individuals, present with a limp and pain recurring often to the knee
Limited hip internal rotation and outward rotation of lump with hip flexion
x-ray: epiphyseal displacement

54
Q

What is TORCH Infection?

A

Toxoplasmosis: Hydrocephalus with generalized intracranial calcification and choriogenesis.
Others= HIV, Syphilis, Varicella, B-19
HIV= Most infected are asymptomatic, clinical symptoms– Lymphadenopathy/Hepatosplenomegaly
Syphilis= Osteochondritis and Peridotites; skin rash on palms and soles, snuffles
Varicells = Pneumonia (neonatal); limb hypoplasia, cutaneous scar, seizure, MR
B-19 = Hydrops Fetalis
Rubella = Cataracts, deafness and heart defects, blueberry muffin spots
CMV = Microcephaly with periventricular calcification, petechia with thrombocytopenia, sensorineural hearing loss
Herpes = 1st week: Pneumonia/shock
2nd week: Skin vesicles, keratoconjunctivitis
3rd week: Acute Meningoencephalitis

55
Q

fever, drooling, hot potato voice, shifted tonsils

A

peritonsillar abscess

56
Q

fever, drooling, tripodding, head extension in child without a vaccine

A

epiglottitis

57
Q

fever, drooling, neck “sniffing” position, refusal to move, difficulty swallowing, respiratory distress, stridor, erythematous oropharynx, cervical lymphadenopathy

A

retropharyngeal abscess

causative agents: anaerobes, group A strep, staph aureus,

58
Q

thumb print sign on x ray

A

epiglottitis

59
Q

retropharyngeal abscess

A

CT scan IMMEDIATELY- emergency

60
Q

four diseases to consider in a premature infant

A

intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retionopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis

61
Q

air in the stomach and duodenum without any distal air- suggests…

A

“double-bubble” sign, suggestive of annular pancreas or doudenal atresia. typically seen when infant begins to feed

62
Q

multiple air fluid levels in the GI tract

A

intestinal atresia. suggestive of vascular insult while in utero.

63
Q

air in the distal colon that fails to reach the anus

A

imperforate anus

64
Q

X chromosome related immunodeficiencies

A

X-linked hyper IgM

X-linked agammaglobulinemia of Bruton

Chronic granulomatous disease (x linked recessive) (no respiratory burst and impaired phagocytosis of bacterial infections)

X-linked SCID (no interleukin receptor on T cells- fungi and bacteria)

65
Q

components of an innocent murmur

A

no palpable thrill, < 3/6 intensity, systolic in occurrence, murmus decreases with decrease in venous return (Valsalva maneuver), no concerning symptoms

66
Q

Breast feeding Jaundice vs Breast Milk Jaundice

A

breast feeding jaundice = infant isnt eating enough, usually appears less than 7 days after born

break milk jaundice = enzymes in the milk causing, appears usually 10 days after being born

67
Q

name 10 important pediatric orthopedic diseases and complications

A

DDH: developmental dysplasia of the hip

Legg-Calve Perthes

Slipped Capital Demoral Epiphysis

Septic Hip

Transient Synovitis

Osgood Schlatter’s Disease

Scoliosis

Osteogenic Sarcoma

Ewing’s Sarcoma

Fractures

68
Q

name 6 pediatric urological complains/diseass

A

posterior urethral valves

hypospadias/epispadias

ureteropelvic junction obstructions

ectopic ureter

vesicoureteral reflex

cryptorchidism

tsomkapQ (117 decks)

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