Useful Terminology for the MSK System Flashcards
arm is known as ___ ____, _____, or UE and is comprised from parts from the shoulder to ____. from the elbow to the wrist is the forearm, aka _____
arm is known as PECTORAL LIMB, BRACHIUM or UE and is comprised from parts from the shoulder to ELBOW. from the elbow to the wrist is the forearm, aka antebrachium
proper name for thumb is ___. bones within digits are ___.
proper name for thumb is pollex. bones within digits are phylanages.
the ___ connects the foot to the leg, and the big toe is known as ____.
the ankle connects the foot to the leg, and the big toe is known as hallux.
anterior aka ___ and posterior aka ______
anterior = ventral
posterior = dorsal
two bones of the forearm.
thumb is located on which side of the hand?
ulnar and radial bones. thumb is located on the radial side of the hand.
shrugging the shoulder is ___ the joint
elevating the joint.
straightening th efoot and pointing the toes is ____, wereas flexing the foot with toes to the ski is _____
straightening th efoot and pointing the toes is PLANTAFLEX, wereas flexing the foot with toes to the ski is DORSIFLEX
when distal part is more lateral, it is referred to as _____ (ex/ knock knees)
when distal part is more medial, it is referred to as _____ (ex bow legs)
when distal part is more lateral, it is referred to as VALGUS (ex/ knock knees)
when distal part is more medial, it is referred to as VARUS (ex bow legs)
outline the motion of flexion and extension in the shoulder and leg
abduction vs adduction
· Abduction is a movement away from the midline – just as abducting someone is to take them away.
o For example, abduction of the shoulder raises the arms out to the sides of the body.
· Adduction is a movement towards the midline.
o Adduction of the hip squeezes the legs together.
o In fingers and toes, the midline used is not the midline of the body, but of the hand and foot respectively. Therefore, abducting the fingers spreads them out.
medial vs lateral rotation in the legs
Medial rotation is a rotational movement towards the midline. It is sometimes referred to as internal rotation.
o To understand this, we have two scenarios to imagine. Firstly, with a straight leg, rotate it to point the toes inward. This is medial rotation of the hip.
o Secondly, imagine you are carrying a tea tray in front of you, with elbow at 90 degrees. Now rotate the arm, bringing your hand towards your opposite hip (elbow still at 90 degrees). This is internal rotation of the shoulder.
· Lateral rotation is a rotating movement away from the midline.
explain inversion and eversion of the ankle
Inversion and eversion are movements which occur at the ankle joint, referring to the rotation of the foot around its long axis.
· Inversion involves the movement of the sole towards the median plane – so that the sole faces in a medial direction.
· Eversion involves the movement of the sole away from the median plane – so that the sole faces in a lateral direction.
explain protraction and retraction of the shoulder
· Protraction describes the movement of the scapula on the thoracic wall that allows the shoulder to move anteriorly. In practice, this is the movement of ‘reaching out’ to something.
· Retraction refers to the posteromedial movement of the scapula on the thoracic wall, which causes the shoulder region to move posteriorly i.e. picking something up.
