CV/Resp: Part 1 Flashcards
The first part of Anya's Notes
what aspects of the cv resp system is in the mediastinum
heart, trachea, great vessels, esophagus
The __ is the area of the thorax located between the two pleural sacs and encloses most of the organs found in the thorax. The mediastinum can be split into the __ and __ mediastinum. The inferior mediastinum itself can be further divided into the __, middle and __ __, which all lie between the __ __ and the diaphragm.
The heart and great vessels reside in the __ mediastinum.
The mediastinum is the area of the thorax located between the two pleural sacs and encloses most of the organs found in the thorax. The mediastinum can be split into the superior and inferior mediastinum. The inferior mediastinum itself can be further divided into the anterior, middle and posterior mediastinum, which all lie between the sternal angle and the diaphragm.
The heart and great vessels reside in the middle mediastinum.
The arterial supply to the thorax derives from:
• The thoracic aorta, which gives rise to the ___ intercostal and ___ arteries.
- The subclavian artery, which gives rise to the __ thoracic and ____ intercostal arteries. The anterior intercostal arteries arise from the ___ thoracic arteries.
- The axillary artery, which gives rise to the ___ and ___ thoracic arteries.
The arterial supply to the thorax derives from:
• The thoracic aorta, which gives rise to the posterior intercostal and subcostal arteries.
- The subclavian artery, which gives rise to the internal thoracic and supreme intercostal arteries. The anterior intercostal arteries arise from the internal thoracic arteries.
- The axillary artery, which gives rise to the superior and lateral thoracic arteries.
three main arteries that the thorax arterial supply is derived from
- thoracic artery
- subclavian artery
- axillary artery
The subclavian artery, which gives rise to the __ thoracic and ___ intercostal arteries. The ___ intercostal arteries arise from the internal thoracic arteries.
The subclavian artery, which gives rise to the internal thoracic and supreme intercostal
arteries. The anterior intercostal arteries arise from the internal thoracic arteries.
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The arterial supply to the thorax derives from:
• The thoracic aorta, which gives rise to the posterior intercostal and subcostal arteries.
• The subclavian artery, which gives rise to the internal thoracic and supreme intercostal arteries. The anterior intercostal arteries arise from the internal thoracic arteries
. • The axillary artery, which gives rise to the superior and lateral thoracic arteries.
Each artery has an accompanying vein. In addition to those mentioned above, the thorax is drained by three additional veins that do not have corresponding arteries:
The ___ vein drains the posterior walls of the thorax and abdomen, and joins the superior
vena cava before it enters the heart.
- The ___ vein drains the posterior walls of the thorax and abdomen below T9, where it joins the azygos vein.
- The __ ___ vein drains the posterior walls of the thorax between T5-8, where it joins the azygos vein.
The azygos vein drains the posterior walls of the thorax and abdomen, and joins the superior
vena cava before it enters the heart.
- The hemiazygos vein drains the posterior walls of the thorax and abdomen below T9, where it joins the azygos vein.
- The accessory hemiazygous vein drains the posterior walls of the thorax between T5-8, where it joins the azygos vein.
the thorax is innervated by 12 pairs of thoracic spinal nerves:
the anterior rami of T __ -__ from the intercostal nerves, and the anteiror rami of T__ forms the subcostal nerve
The thorax is innervated by 12 pairs of thoracic spinal nerves:
• The anterior rami of T1-11 form the intercostal nerves
• The anterior ramus of T12 forms the subcostal nerve
the diaphragm is innervated by the ___ nerve (C__ to __)
the phrenic nerve C3-C5
label the nerves of the thorax
costal groove
lovation where a vein, artery and enrve run in on the inferior edge of each rib
the heart and pericardial caivty are lined by a membrane called the __, a __ –__ fluid filled sack that surrounds the muscualr body of the heart and the roots of the great vessels.
called the pericardiu, a fibro-serous sac.
the ___ pericardium is continuous with the ___ tendon of the diaphgram. Made of tough connective tissue and relatively non-diistensible. forms the extenral ineleastic layer
the FIBROUS pericardium is continous wiht the CENTRAL tendon of the diaphram.
the serous pericardium (enclosed within the fibrous pericardium) has 2 layers:
the outer parietyal layer that lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium,
- the internal visceral layer that forms the outer layer of the heart (also known as the epicardium).
- each layer is made uup of a single sheet of epithelial cells, known as the mesothelium.
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The order of these layers can be remembered using the acronym Fart Police Smell Villains:
• F – Fibrous layer of the pericardium
• P – Parietal layer of the serous pericardium
• S – Serous fluid
• V – Visceral layer of the serous pericardium
outline how cardiac tamponade affects the heart via pericardium
The relatively inextensible fibrous pericardium can cause problems when there is an accumulation of fluid, known as pericardial effusion, within the pericardial cavity. The rigid pericardium cannot expand, and thus the heart is subject to the resulting increased pressure. The chambers can become compressed, thus compromising cardiac output.
the innermost layer of the cardiac wall is known as the ___. it lines the caviies and the valves of the hart
endocardium
Endocarditis refers to inflammation of the endocardium. It most commonly occurs on the valves of the heart, which the endocardium lines.
two types of anginga
stable and unstable.
Unstable angina does not require exertion to set off symptoms. • Both these conditions can be treated with GTN spray. Unstable angina is the more serious of the
two, and is more likely to progress to a myocardial infarction.
