Upper Extremity Skeletal Elements

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

The upper limb is subdivided into three regions: arm, forearm, and hand. The pectoral (shoulder) girdle (__ and ___) joins the upper limb to the thorax at the ___ joint.

Answer 2

The upper limb is subdivided into three regions: arm, forearm, and hand. The pectoral (shoulder) girdle (clavicle and scapula) joins the upper limb to the thorax at the sternoclavicular joint.

Question 3

Landmarks of the scapula include the __, the __ process, __ and __ angles, the __ and __ and lateral borders

Answer 3

Landmarks of the scapula include the acromion, the coracoid process, superior and inferior angles, the spine and medial and lateral borders

Question 4

The scapula is a flat triangular bone that forms the posterior part of the pectoral girdle

It overlies the 2nd to 7th ribs on the posterior thoracic wall.

It has __, __, and ___ borders and a __ and __ angle.

Laterally, a shallow depression, the ___ cavity, articulates with the humerus.

A narrow neck separates the glenoid cavity from the large body of the scapula.

A ___ fossa lies on the anterior surface against the rib cage.

The spine of the scapula on the posterior surface separates the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae. Laterally, the spine expands to form the acromion.

A ___ process extends anteriorly and superiorly over the glenoid cavity.

Answer 4

The scapula is a flat triangular bone that forms the posterior part of the pectoral girdle (Figs. 13.4 and 13.5).

It overlies the 2nd to 7th ribs on the posterior thoracic wall.

It has medial, lateral, and superior borders and a superior and inferior angle.

Laterally, a shallow depression, the glenoid cavity, articulates with the humerus.

A narrow neck separates the glenoid cavity from the large body of the scapula.

A subscapular fossa lies on the anterior surface against the rib cage.

The spine of the scapula on the posterior surface separates the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae. Laterally, the spine expands to form the acromion.

A coracoid process extends anteriorly and superiorly over the glenoid cavity.

Question 5

Together the __, the ___ and the musculature connections make up the pectoral girdle.

Answer 5

Together the scapula, the clavicle and the musculature connections make up the pectoral girdle.

Question 6

Answer 6

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

Pectoral girdle: 2 bone components - clavicle and scapula
Clavicle articulates at the ___ joint

Answer 8

Pectoral girdle: 2 bone components - clavicle and scapula
Clavicle articulates at the acromioclavicular joint

Question 9

Answer 9

Question 10

The head of the humerus articulates with the ___ at the ___ joint. The __ and ___ of the humerus articulate with the radius and ulna, respectively, at the elbow (cubital) joint.

Answer 10

The head of the humerus articulates with the scapula at the glenohumeral joint. The capitulum and trochlea of the humerus articulate with the radius and ulna, respectively, at the elbow (cubital) joint.

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

Answer 13

Question 14

The glenoid ___ is a cartilaginous extension of the glenoid bone that allows for articulation of the ___

Answer 14

The glenoid labrum is a cartilaginous extension of the glenoid bone that allows for articulation of the humerus

Question 15

Answer 15

Question 16

Note that the shoulder illustrates an important physical feature of joints in general - mobility and stability are mutually exclusive. In order to allow substantial mobility in the shoulder (consider the motions possible), the joint is vulnerable to instability (separation at the acromioclavicular joint that might involve dislocation (subluxation) at the glenohumeral joint).

Question 17

Anterior view. The acromioclavicular joint is a ___ joint. Because the articulating surfaces are flat, they must be held in place by strong ligaments, greatly limiting the mobility of the joint.

Answer 17

Anterior view. The acromioclavicular joint is a plane joint. Because the articulating surfaces are flat, they must be held in place by strong ligaments, greatly limiting the mobility of the joint.

Question 18

label the acromioclavicular joint

Answer 18

Question 19

Answer 19

Question 20

label the glenohumeral joint

Answer 20

Question 21

The ___ joint is the most mobile but least stable joint of the body, and dislocations are frequent. __ ___ muscles provide the greatest stability, supporting the joint anteriorly, posteriorly, and superiorly, but inferior support is lacking.

Answer 21

he glenohumeral joint is the most mobile but least stable joint of the body, and dislocations are frequent. Rotator cuff muscles provide the greatest stability, supporting the joint anteriorly, posteriorly, and superiorly, but inferior support is lacking.

Question 22

is the glenohumeral joint synovial?

Answer 22

yes, a synovial membrane lines the joint space.

Question 23

3 bursar associated with the glenohumeral joint

Answer 23

Anteriorly, the subtendinous bursa of the subscapularis, which lies between the tendon of the subscapularis and the neck of the scapula, communicates with the synovial cavity of the joint.

Superiorly, the subacromial bursa lies under the coracoacromial ligament and above the supraspinatus tendon and glenohumeral joint capsule.

Laterally, the Subdeltoid bursa a lies deep to the deltoid muscle and above the subscapularis tendon. It communicates with the subacromial bursa.

Question 24

The ___ ligament between the coracoid process and acromion prevents superior dislocation of the humerus from the glenohumeal joint .

Answer 24

The coracoacromial ligament between the coracoid process and acromion prevents superior dislocation of the humerus.

Question 25

Answer 25

Question 26

Humerus:

Ball shaped shaped head. Articulates with ___ ___.

Bicepeital groove is where bice___ps __ runs through.

Condyles of muscle attachment.

Medial trochlia allows for ulna to extent

The ___ allows for radius to rotate— which ___ and pronates the hand.

Answer 26

Ball shaped shaped head. Articulates with glenoid fossa.

Bicepeital groove is where biceps brachii through.

Condyles of muscle attachment.

Medial trochlia allows for ulna to extent

The capitulum allows for radius to rotate— which supinate and pronates the hand.

Question 27

Answer 27

Question 28

Answer 28

Question 29

Answer 29

Question 30

note positioning of radius and ulna in pronation and supination

Question 31

label the proximal radioulnar joint

Answer 31

Question 32

Answer 32

Question 33

outline the carpal bones

Answer 33

some lovers try positions that they can’t handle

Question 34

Answer 34

Question 35

The trapezium; in in the distal row of the ___ bones. Articulates with ___ end of the first metacarpal (thumb)

Answer 35

The trapezium; in in the distal row of the carpal bones. Articulates with PROXIMAL end of the first metacarpal (thumb)

Question 36

Answer 36