Upper Extremity Skeletal Elements Flashcards
The upper limb is subdivided into three regions: arm, forearm, and hand. The pectoral (shoulder) girdle (__ and ___) joins the upper limb to the thorax at the ___ joint.
The upper limb is subdivided into three regions: arm, forearm, and hand. The pectoral (shoulder) girdle (clavicle and scapula) joins the upper limb to the thorax at the sternoclavicular joint.
Landmarks of the scapula include the __, the __ process, __ and __ angles, the __ and __ and lateral borders
Landmarks of the scapula include the acromion, the coracoid process, superior and inferior angles, the spine and medial and lateral borders
The scapula is a flat triangular bone that forms the posterior part of the pectoral girdle
It overlies the 2nd to 7th ribs on the posterior thoracic wall.
It has __, __, and ___ borders and a __ and __ angle.
Laterally, a shallow depression, the ___ cavity, articulates with the humerus.
A narrow neck separates the glenoid cavity from the large body of the scapula.
A ___ fossa lies on the anterior surface against the rib cage.
The spine of the scapula on the posterior surface separates the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae. Laterally, the spine expands to form the acromion.
A ___ process extends anteriorly and superiorly over the glenoid cavity.
The scapula is a flat triangular bone that forms the posterior part of the pectoral girdle (Figs. 13.4 and 13.5).
It overlies the 2nd to 7th ribs on the posterior thoracic wall.
It has medial, lateral, and superior borders and a superior and inferior angle.
Laterally, a shallow depression, the glenoid cavity, articulates with the humerus.
A narrow neck separates the glenoid cavity from the large body of the scapula.
A subscapular fossa lies on the anterior surface against the rib cage.
The spine of the scapula on the posterior surface separates the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae. Laterally, the spine expands to form the acromion.
A coracoid process extends anteriorly and superiorly over the glenoid cavity.
Together the __, the ___ and the musculature connections make up the pectoral girdle.
Together the scapula, the clavicle and the musculature connections make up the pectoral girdle.
Pectoral girdle: 2 bone components - clavicle and scapula
Clavicle articulates at the ___ joint
Pectoral girdle: 2 bone components - clavicle and scapula
Clavicle articulates at the acromioclavicular joint
The head of the humerus articulates with the ___ at the ___ joint. The __ and ___ of the humerus articulate with the radius and ulna, respectively, at the elbow (cubital) joint.
The head of the humerus articulates with the scapula at the glenohumeral joint. The capitulum and trochlea of the humerus articulate with the radius and ulna, respectively, at the elbow (cubital) joint.
The glenoid ___ is a cartilaginous extension of the glenoid bone that allows for articulation of the ___
The glenoid labrum is a cartilaginous extension of the glenoid bone that allows for articulation of the humerus
Note that the shoulder illustrates an important physical feature of joints in general - mobility and stability are mutually exclusive. In order to allow substantial mobility in the shoulder (consider the motions possible), the joint is vulnerable to instability (separation at the acromioclavicular joint that might involve dislocation (subluxation) at the glenohumeral joint).
Anterior view. The acromioclavicular joint is a ___ joint. Because the articulating surfaces are flat, they must be held in place by strong ligaments, greatly limiting the mobility of the joint.
Anterior view. The acromioclavicular joint is a plane joint. Because the articulating surfaces are flat, they must be held in place by strong ligaments, greatly limiting the mobility of the joint.
label the acromioclavicular joint
label the glenohumeral joint
The ___ joint is the most mobile but least stable joint of the body, and dislocations are frequent. __ ___ muscles provide the greatest stability, supporting the joint anteriorly, posteriorly, and superiorly, but inferior support is lacking.
he glenohumeral joint is the most mobile but least stable joint of the body, and dislocations are frequent. Rotator cuff muscles provide the greatest stability, supporting the joint anteriorly, posteriorly, and superiorly, but inferior support is lacking.
is the glenohumeral joint synovial?
yes, a synovial membrane lines the joint space.
3 bursar associated with the glenohumeral joint
Anteriorly, the subtendinous bursa of the subscapularis, which lies between the tendon of the subscapularis and the neck of the scapula, communicates with the synovial cavity of the joint.
Superiorly, the subacromial bursa lies under the coracoacromial ligament and above the supraspinatus tendon and glenohumeral joint capsule.
Laterally, the Subdeltoid bursa a lies deep to the deltoid muscle and above the subscapularis tendon. It communicates with the subacromial bursa.
The ___ ligament between the coracoid process and acromion prevents superior dislocation of the humerus from the glenohumeal joint .
The coracoacromial ligament between the coracoid process and acromion prevents superior dislocation of the humerus.
