Joints Flashcards
joints are classified by the tissue involved in the connection.
____ joints have cartilage making the connection, such as the __ connecting to the __
__ joints have connective tissue crossing the joint, such as the __ __
__ joints are highly mobile and the joint has a __ __ capusle. the adjacent bones are covered by __ cartilage
joints are classified by the tissue involved in the connection.
cartilagienous joints have cartilage making the connection, such as the ribs connecting to the sternum
fibrous joints have connective tissue crossing the joint, such as the pubic symphysis
synovial joints are highly mobile and the joint has a fluid filled capusle. the adjacent bones are covered by articular cartilage
the joint cavity is defined by the synovial ____ that lines the cavity.
____ fluid is a lubricant that allows the ___ cartilage to slide near each other, and also supplies the joint with ___. (since the joint is only supplied through _____ since it’s an ____ structure)
the ___ ____ reinforces the synovial ____, but the distribution of the fibers are not uniform depending on movement.
the joint cavity is defined by the synovial membrane that lines the cavity.
synovial fluid is a lubricant that allows the articular cartilage to slide near each other, and also supplies the joint with oxygen. (since the joint is only supplied through diffusion since it’s an avascular structure)
the joint capsule reinforces the synovial membrane, but the distribution of the fibers are not uniform depending on movement.
the knee joint
we can follow the synovial membrane (red) all the way aorund the joint. the fibrous capsule also surrounds the joint cavity but majority is concentrated in ___ ____, notaby the ___ ligaments. although the CLs are in the ___ of the joint, they are not in the capsule or cavity because they are ____ of the synovial membrane.
we can follow the synovial membrane (red) all the way aorund the joint. the fibrous capsule also surrounds the joint cavity but majority is concentrated in LARGE LIGAMENTS, notaby the CRUCIATE ligaments. although the CLs are in the MIDDLE of the joint, they are not in the capsule or cavity because they are OUTSIDE of the synovial membrane.
t/f tendon is vascular
true. different from bone.
the synovium of the shoulder joint
the joint capsule can be far more extensive than joint space. the tendon sheath of the biceps brachii pass through the joint capsule to its attachment point on the superglenoid tubercle of the scapula.
the tendon is not technically in the joint capsule.
a fibrous joint capsule reinforces the synovial membrane. the sheath of the long head of the biceps tendon runs in the inter-tubercular groove.
definition of synarthrosis and amphiarthrosis and diarthrosis
· Synarthrosis – immovable.
· Amphiarthrosis – slightly moveable.
· Diarthrosis – freely moveable.
A ____ joint is where the bones are bound by a tough, fibrous tissue. These are typically joints that require __ and ____ over range of movement.
A fibrous joint is where the bones are bound by a tough, fibrous tissue. These are typically joints that require strength and stability over range of movement.
Fibrous joints can be further sub-classified into sutures, gomphoses and syndesmoses. Explain the subtypes
· Sutures are immovable joints (synarthrosis), and are only found between the flat, plate-like bones of the skull.
o There is limited movement until about 20 years of age, after which they become fixed and immobile. They are most important in birth, as at that stage the joints are not fused, allowing deformation of the skull as it passes through the birth canal.
· Gomphoses are also immovable joints. They are found where the teeth articulate with their sockets in the maxilla (upper teeth) or the mandible (lower teeth)
o The tooth is bound into its socket by the strong periodontal ligament.
· Syndesmoses are slightly movable joints (amphiarthroses).
o They are comprised of bones held together by an interosseous membrane. The middle radioulnar joint and middle tibiofibular joint are examples of a syndesmosis joint.
In a cartilaginous joint, the bones are united by ___ or ___ cartilage.
There are two main types: ____ (primary cartilaginous) and ____ (secondary cartilaginous).
· _____: he bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. These joints are immovable (____). An example of a ____ is the joint between the diaphysis and epiphysis of a growing long bone.
___: the bones are united by a layer of ____. They are slightly movable (_____). Examples include the pubic symphysis, and the joints between vertebral bodies.
In a cartilaginous joint, the bones are united by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage.
There are two main types: synchondroses (primary cartilaginous) and symphyses (secondary cartilaginous).
· Synchondroses: In a synchondrosis, the bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. These joints are immovable (synarthrosis). An example of a synchondrosis is the joint between the diaphysis and epiphysis of a growing long bone.
Symphyses: Symphysial joints are where the bones are united by a layer of fibrocartilage. They are slightly movable (amphiarthrosis). Examples include the pubic symphysis, and the joints between vertebral bodies.
name the 6 the different types of synovial joints
pivot, hinge, saddle, plane, condyloid joint, ball and socket
three main features of a synovial joint
- articular capusle: surrounds the joint and is continuous with the periosteum of articulating bones. has a fibrous and synovial layer.
- articular cartilage
- synovial fluid
2 layers of an articular capusle
- fibrous layer: consists of white fibrous tissue, known as the capsular ligament. it holds together the articulating bones and uspports the underlying synovium
- synovial layer: highly vasculaized layer of serous connective tissue. it absorbs and secretes synovial fluid and is repsonsible for the mediation of nutrient exchange between blood and joint. also known as the synovium.
tendons are mobile structures that also require lubrication particularly when curving around bones. how is this achieved?
by synovial membrane (sheath) coverings
