9.2 Organs of the Peritoneal Cavity-- Accessory Organs of the GI Tract Flashcards
site of hematopoiesis in fetus, and in adults
fetus; liver and spleen
adult; bone marrow
4 lobes of the liver
Externally, ligaments and fissures divide the liver into four anatomic (topographic) lobes: the right, left, caudate, and quadrate lobes
what is the liver bare area
The liver’s diaphragmatic surface conforms to the shape of the diaphragm and is marked by the bare area, which lacks peritoneum and is in direct contact with the diaphragm
3 prominent fissures of the liver
The left sagittal fissure accommodates:
a. the round ligament (ligamentum teres) of the liver anteriorly between the left and quadrate lobes. The round ligament is a remnant of the fetal umbilical vein.
b. the ligamentum venosum posteriorly between the left and caudate lobes. The ligamentum venosum is a remnant of the fetal ductus venosus.
The right sagittal fissure accommodates:
a. the gallbladder anteriorly between the right and quadrate lobes and
b. the inferior vena cava posteriorly between the right and caudate lobes.
The transverse fissure accommodates
the porta hepatis, or hilum of the liver. Structures of the portal triad [proper hepatic artery, portal vein, and (common) bile duct] enter or exit here.
the liver is ___ (retroperitoneal, secondary, intraperitoneal)
intraperitoneal, covered by peritoneum except at the bare area, gall bladder fossa and porta hepatis.
a subperitoneal fibrous capsule known as ____ covers the sruface of the liver
glissons capsule
Peritoneal reflections of the liver include
the ____ AND _____ ligaments, single-layered reflections between the liver and diaphragm that surround the bare area;
the ___ ligament, a double layer of peritoneum, which attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and contains the round ligament in its free edge; and
the ____ and ____ ligaments (both parts of the lesser omentum), which attach the liver to the stomach and proximal duodenum
Peritoneal reflections include
the coronary and triangular ligaments, single-layered reflections between the liver and diaphragm that surround the bare area;
the falciform ligament, a double layer of peritoneum, which attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and contains the round ligament in its free edge; and
the hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments (both parts of the lesser omentum), which attach the liver to the stomach and proximal duodenum
nternally, branching of the intrahepatic blood vessels divides the liver into eight functional segments (designated as I through VIII) (Figs. 9.17, Table 9.1). This segmental arrangement of the blood supply facilitates the resection of individual diseased segments. Outline
outline the dual blood supply of the liver
The liver has a dual blood supply: the portal vein and the proper hepatic artery (see Fig. 8.11). Both vessels divide to form primary and secondary branches that supply the liver segments.
The portal vein, carrying nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract, provides 75 to 80% of the blood volume to the liver.
The proper hepatic artery, supplied by the celiac trunk via the common hepatic artery, contributes 20 to 25% of the blood volume to the liver.
explain the lymph system of the liver
The liver has superficial and deep lymphatic drainages.
The superficial lymphatic plexus, found within the fibrous capsule, drains the anterior liver surfaces to hepatic nodes (and eventually into the celiac nodes) and drains the posterior surfaces toward the bare area, which flow into phrenic or posterior mediastinal nodes.
The deep plexus, which accompanies vessels within the liver segments, drains most of the liver, flowing first into the hepatic nodes in the porta hepatis and lesser omentum, before draining to the celiac nodes.
which nerve plexus innervates the liver and what is it a division of?
The hepatic nerve plexus, a division of the celiac plexus, travels along the vessels of the portal triad to innervate the liver (se
The gallbladder is a pear-shaped sac that lies in a fossa on the visceral surface of the liver . It stores the bile produced and secreted by the liver and concentrates it by absorbing salts and water. Hormonal or neural stimulation causes the gallbladder to release bile into the ____ ____ ____.
The gallbladder is a pear-shaped sac that lies in a fossa on the visceral surface of the liver (Figs. 9.18 and 9.19). It stores the bile produced and secreted by the liver and concentrates it by absorbing salts and water. Hormonal or neural stimulation causes the gallbladder to release bile into the extrahepatic biliary ducts.
4 parts of the gall bladder
The fundus, the expanded distal end that is in contact with the anterior abdominal wall
The body, the main portion
The infundibulum between the body and neck
The neck, the narrow distal segment that joins with the cystic duct
components of the extrahepatic biliary system
- common hepatic duct
- cystic duct which ddrais the gall bladder
- bile duct: formed by the junction of the common hepatic duct and cystic duct
The bile duct passes posterior to the first part of the duodenum and posterior to, or through, the head of the pancreas. It ends at the ___ ____), a dilation of the distal end of the duct, where it joins with the main ___ duct of the ____
The bile duct passes posterior to the first part of the duodenum and posterior to, or through, the head of the pancreas. It ends at the hepatopancreatic ampulla (of Vater), a dilation of the distal end of the duct, where it joins with the main pancreatic duct of the pancreas
A muscular sphincter ____ ___ surrounds the _____ ampulla as it traverses the medial wall of the duodenum through the major duodenal papilla and opens into the descending part of the duodenum
A muscular sphincter (of Oddi) surrounds the hepatopancreatic ampulla as it traverses the medial wall of the duodenum through the major duodenal papilla and opens into the descending part of the duodenum
what artery supplies the gall bladder
the cystic artery which is a branch of the right hepatic artery which is a branch of the proper hepatic artery which is a branch of the common hepatic artery which is a branch of the celiac trunk
(proper hepatic artery (PHA), is the continuation of the common hepatic artery after it gives off the gastroduodenal artery. Just prior to the porta hepatis it divides into the left and right hepatic arteries.)
outline the venous drainage of the gall baldder
drains into the hepatic veins inthe liver, which drain into the inferior vena cava.
which plexus innervates the gall bladder?
hepatic plexus.
Sympathetic stimulation inhibits bile secretion.
Parasympathetic stimulation causes the gallbladder to contract and release bile.
