Ligaments and Discs of the Vertebral Column Flashcards
ligaments connectin the vertebral column:
along the entire anterior surface of the vertebral colum is a broad ligament called ___ ____ ligament. note that it is named relative to the centrum of the vertebra.
the ___ ___ ligament also runs the length fo the vertebral column on the posterior aspect of the centrum. note that the ___ ____ is posterior to the centrum and nto the spinous process.
the posterior LL extends to the head and enters the ___ margin of the ___ ___ of the skull, where it is continuous with the tectoral membrane of the inner surface of the base of the skull.
crossing between the lamina each vertebra is the ___ ___, forming the roof of the vertebral foramen. has a high elastic content.
connecting between the transver proccesses is the __-___ ligament.
there are two components of ligaments running across the spinous procceses; along the spinous process itself is the ___ ligament, and at the tip of the spinous process is a thicker ligament known as the ___ ligament.
inthe cervical region the ___ ligmanet broadens in the __ direction and attaches to the posterior base of the skull and is known as the nucchal ligament.
we are looking obliquely from the posterior side so the anterior surface of the vertebra is away.
along the entire anterior surface of the vertebral colum is a broad ligament called anterior longitudinal ligament. note that it is named relative to the centrum of the vertebra.
the posteiror longitudinal ligament also runs the length fo the vertebral column on the posterior aspect of the centrum. note that the posterior LL is posterior to the centrum and nto the spinous process.
the posterior LL extends to the head and enters the anterior margin of the foramen magnum of the skull, where it is continuous with the tectoral membrane of the inner surface of the base of the skull.
crossing between the lamina each vertebra is the ligamentum flavum, forming the roof of the vertebral foramen. has a high elastic content.
connecting between the transver proccesses is the inter-transverse ligament.
there are two components of ligaments running across the spinous procceses; along the spinous process itself is the interspinous ligament, and at the tip of the spinous process is a thicker ligament known as the supraspinous ligament.
inthe cervical region the supraspinous ligmanet broadens in the saggital direction and attaches to the posterior base of the skull and is known as the nucchal ligament.
note
sandwiched between the centrum of adjacent vertebrae is ____ disc. serves as an elastic pad that cushions articulartion of reaching bone.
along the anterior surface of the centrum is the __ __ ___. posterior to the centrum is the __ ___ __.
the __ ___ forms the roof of the vertebral foramen via the lamina. the intertransverse and interspinous ligaments onnect between the blades of the transverse and spinous processes, and the supraspinous ligaments runs along posterior tip of the __ processes.
more anatomically realistic view of these structures. sandwiched between the centrum of adjacent vertebrae is intervertebral disc. serves as an elastic pad that cushions articulartion of reaching bone.
along the anterior surface of the centrum is the ALL. posterior to the centrum is the PLL.
the ligamentum flavum forms the roof of the vertebral foramen vis the lamina. the intertransverse and interspinous ligaments onnect between the blades of the transverse and spinous processes, and the supraspinous ligaments runs along posterior tip of the spinous processes.
anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments attach to the skull. the posterior turns into the ___ membrane. its continuous with it, just a different name.
the superspinous ligametn transitiosn to become the broad ____ ligament. it fans out to fill out the available space between the surprisingly anterior cervical vertebrae and the external occipital protuberance of the skull.
with the relatively lage ____ muscles of the neck on either side of the nuchal ligament, it helps to support the skull.
saggital section of the connection between head and neck.
anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments attach to the skull. the posterior turns into the tectoral membrane. its continuous with it, just a different name.
the superspinous ligametn transitiosn to become the broad nuchal ligament. it fans out to fill out the available space between the surprisingly anterior cervical vertebrae and the external occipital protuberance of the skull.
with the relatively lage epaxial muscles of the neck on either side of the nuchal ligament, it helps to support the skull.
what type of disc herniation is more common? anterior or posterior.
like the anterior longitrudiannl ligament, the PLL runs the length of the vertebral column, however, the pedacles interfere with the connection of the ligemant laterally in the location of the intervertebral foramen
the broad atachement of ALL means that it can reinforce the intervertebral disc and it is extremely rare to have an anterior disc herniation. the PLL reinforcees the disc posteriorly but the gap caused by the pedicals means that the discs aren’t as well reinforce posterior-laterally.
therefore, posteiror disc herniation is more common
the intervertebral disc is composed of two parts: an interior jelly like center called the __ __ is surrounded by layers of CT known as __ __.
the disc is fused to the surface of the vertevral body __ and __, so the concept of the slipped disc does not truly occur– it actually is a disc herniation when the __ __ is ruptured and the __ __ herniates out into the vertebral __.
the intervertebral disc is composed of two parts: an interior jelly like center called the nucleus pulposes is surrounded by layers of CT known as annulus fibrosis.
the disc is fused to the surface of the vertevral body superiorly and inferiorly, so the concept of the slipped disc does not truly occur– it actually is a disc herniation when the annulus fibroses is ruptured and the nucleus puloposus herniates out into the vertebral foramen.
a herniation occurs when the anulus fibrosus ruptures and the NP herniates into the foramen
radiograph of cervical spine
the foramen is indicated by the subarachnoid space, and the spinal cord is going through it. the arachnoid mater with the CSF is pushing it up against the dura mater, it makes for the light color in the radiograph.
note C and D; a medial herniation may not involve the spinal cord that exits at that location, but can affect nerves that exit inferior to the vertebrae because of hte vertical orientation of the nerve roots in the caudate equina– inferior roots often run over the vertebrae at more superior positions.
whats going on
a breakdown in the annulus fibrosis ccauses the NP to herniate out and interfere with the nerve as it exits through the intervertebral foramen
a spondylophyte is an accumulation of bone (inflammatory response)
The ____ root is the afferent sensory root and carries sensory information to the brain. The _____ root is the efferent motor root and carries motor information from the brain.
The spinal nerve emerges from the spinal column through an opening (intervertebral foramen) between adjacent vertebrae.
The dorsal/posterior root is the afferent sensory root and carries sensory information to the brain. The ventral/anterior root is the efferent motor root and carries motor information from the brain. The spinal nerve emerges from the spinal column through an opening (intervertebral foramen) between adjacent vertebrae.
in this picture, the posterior/dorsal sensory root is C. the sensory and efferents combine together to form a spinal nerve
