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4 MBCHB > UROLOGY > Flashcards

UROLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

benign prostatic hypertrophy is not what
irregular prolif of what
symptoms of prostatism

A

not pre malignant
glandular and stroll tissue
difficulty strain,g poor stream, overflow incontincance, acute/chronic retention

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2
Q

BPH cause
cx
rx

A

hormone imbalance
bladder hypertrophy - diverticulum, hydrometer, hydrophesis, infection
tamulosin, finsatride, transurethral resection

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3
Q

overflow cause
symptoms
rx

A

bladder outflow obstruction

huge palpable bladder, chronic retention, insensible incontinance, often wet at night, renal impairment

assess renal function, catheterise, teach intermittent self catheterisation

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4
Q

extrauretheral causes of incontincance

A

ectopic ureter - rare, congenital

vesicovaginal fistula - prolonged obstructive labour

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5
Q

stress incontinance

A

leaking on exertion, sneaking
urodynamic studies
weight loss, stop smoking, exercises, surgical repair

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6
Q

urge incontinance

A

accompanied or proceeded by urgency. freq small voided volumes. urgency. enuresis
detrusor overactivity: idiopathic, paraplegia, destruction of S2, S3. pelvic surgery pelvic fracture, afferent stimulation
urodynamic studies
avoid caffeine, bladder retraining, oxybutinin, pacemaker, surgery - enterocytoplasty

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7
Q

kidneys stones risks

ix

A

increased calcium, hypothyroid, gout

CT urogram - gold standard

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8
Q 
calcium oxalate 
calcium phosphate
uric acid
strivate
cystine
xantine
A 
commonest and radiopaque. acidic urine
alkali urine - proteus
radiolucent
kidney infection
genetic disease
radiolucent. v rare
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9
Q

prostate cancer mainly what
where
lymph spread
haem spread

A

multifocal adenocarcinoma
70% in peripheral zone
sacral, iliac, paraaortic
bone (lumbar spine and pelvis), lungs, liver

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10
Q 
prostate cancer 
DRE
PSA
imaging
TRUB
A

assym crazy nodular mass

sensitivity 90% specific 40%. also increased in catheter, infection

USS, skeletal XR, bone scan

10-12 biopsies taken.

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11
Q

management of prostate cancer

A

hormone therapy - anti androgen cyproterone. oestrogens
radio - bone mets
transurethral resection
radical prostectomy

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12
Q

testicular tumours symptoms
10% present due to what
non GCT

A

painless testicular enlargement hydrocele gynacamastia

neck nodes.

10% - lymphoma, leukaemia, stromal, mets

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13
Q

ix for testicular tumours

A

USS, CXR, CT
AFP: yolk sac
bHCG: trophoblastic
PLAP: seminoma

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14
Q

treatment general of testicular tumours

A

orchidectomy inguinal approach better

radio/chemo

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15
Q

seminoma

A 
rare before puberty 
lymph paraartic
haem lungs, liver
potato
radiosensitive
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16
Q

teratoma

A

childhood
trophoblastic
chemo

17
Q

mixed

A

seminoma with variant of teratoma

18
Q

RPLND

A

residual LNs may harbour tumour 1/3 fibrous, 1/3 mature benign tumour 1/3 residual teratoma

19
Q

bladder cancer papillary

A

50% malignant
striped
thicker lining than normal epithelium

20
Q

bladder cancer non papillary

A

solid/mixed

all considered malignant

21
Q

transitional bladder cell cancer tends to be what

A

bilateral and multicentric

22
Q

risk factors for bladder cancer
symptoms
75% what
ix

A

dye rubber industry. schitwosmasosis. smoking

painless haematuria

in trigone area - obstruction
urinalysis, cytoscopy

23
Q

haematuria causes

A 
cancer
infection 
stones
trauma
GN
PKD
24
Q

erectile dysfunction causes

rx

A

DM, CVS, surgery, drug SE

sildenafil viagra SA
varalenafil SA
avanafil SA
tadalafil LA

25
Q

interstitial cystitis is what
diagnosis
symptoms

A

painful bladder symp

symtoms over 6 week and no identifiable cause

intense pelvic pain/bladder pressure, sudden strong urge to pee, nocturia, dysuria. symptoms come and ago

26
Q

interstitial cystitis cause

rx

A

idiopathic, damage to bladder lining, problems with pelvic floor muscles, immune mediated, allergy

decrease caffeine, smoking, stress

27
Q

prostatitis is what
acute
rx
chronic

A

inflammation of prostate

pain, urinary symptoms, retention, generally unwell, dc

oflaxacin/ciprofloxacin

over 3 months of pain, urianry symptoms, enlarged prostate, erectile dysfunction, pain when ejeculating, pelvic pain post sex

4 MBCHB (80 decks)

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