CARDIO 2 Flashcards
mitral regurg
pan systolic murmur -> axilla
ECHO
mitral stenosis
mid diastolic rumbling. tapping apex. molar flush
aortic stenosis
ejection systolic -> carotids
slow rising pulse
aortic regurg
early diastolic. displaced apex. collapsing pulse
mitral valvel prolapse symptoms
murmur
treatment
complication
atypical chest pain on palpitations.
mid diastolic click. late systolic murmur
surgery (can cause MR), anti arrhythmic drugs
emboli - sudden death
pulmonary stenosis cause and assoc with what
symptoms
treatmetn
congenital. carcinoid syndrome
fatigue. syncope. HF. ejection systole
balloon valvoplasty - rare to replace
tricuspid regurg cause
symp
treatment
usually function. secondary to dilatation of tricuspid annulus following LV dilation
pan systolic best heard at lower left sternal edge
underlying cause/surgery
ASD cause
symp
rx
congenital
usually asymp till childhood. palpitations dyspnoea. cyanosis. ejection systolic. splitting of S2
surgical closure
VSD usually where
cause
symp
rx
membranous portion
downs
cyanosis. clubbing. loud pan systolic murmur
surgery
PDA symo
bounding pulse
machine gun murmur
coarctation of aorta
headaches
nosbleeds
decreased lower limb pulses
CXR rib notching
long QT
QTc 480 or over ms
or LQTS score is over 3
hypertrophic CM what
symp
leading cause of what
LV outflow obstruction due to assymetrical septal hypertrophy
sudden death HF angina AFib
leading cause of sudden death in young athletes
dilated CM cause
alcohol coxsachie virus B
arrhythmogenic right Mis what
symp
fibrofatty replacement of myocytes
ventricular arrhythmias
restrictive CM cause
symp
amyloidosis. sarcoidsoiss. haemachrom. idiopathic
eventually heart failure
infect endocarditis commonly which side. when on other side
cause
acute symp
chronic symp
commonly L. RS in IVDU
valvular disease, prosthetic valves, IVDU, immunosuppression. DM
new murmur and fever. septic signs. cardiac failure. haematuria. petechial rash, splinter haem, roth spots.
low grade fever, fatigue, SOB, murmur, clubbing, janeway lesions, osler nodes
DUKES major:
minor:
when is the diagnosis of endo made:
2 positive blood culture. ECHO proof. new valve regurgitation
predisposing heart disease/IVDU, temperature over 38, vascular phenomenon, immunological phenomenon, microbiology evidence
ix for endocarditis
SEPSIS 6. 2 blood culture sets for native acute within 1h. in native subacute 3 sets 6 hours in between if patient stable. ECG, CXR, ECHO, urinalysis
SA
strep viridins
staph epidermis
IV fluclox
benzylpenicillin and Gent
Vanc and Gent
myocarditis is what symp cx ix treatment
inflammation of myometrium. post viral illness/infection
SOB, pain, fever, chest pain
MI, HF
ECG, CXR, increased CK/trop
underlying, bed rest, ABs where appropriate
pericarditis symptoms
cause
ECG and other ix
cx - 3
pleuritic chest pain relieved by sitting forward, cough, flu like symptoms, pericardial rub, tachypnoea, tacky
viral infection, uraemia, post MI, dresslers, CTD, hypothyroid
ECG - saddle shapes STE
FBC, CRP, ECHO if effusion if suspected
pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, constrictive pericarditis
pericardial effusion is what
symp
accusation of fluid in pericardial sac
SOB, pain, compression of local structure, muffled HS
cardiac tamponade is what
symp
JVP
pericardial effusion leading to increased intracranial pressure leading to decreased ventricular filling and decreased CO
presents acutely. increased HR, JVP, low BP muffled HS, pulses paradox
BECKS train - falling BP increased JVP and muffled heart sounds
JVP prom X decent but absent Y descent
constrictive pericarditis is what
symp
cause
pericardium hard fibroses and calcified. kussmous sign
prominent X and Y descent in JVP
TB commonest cause - can occur post open heart surgery
what is dresslers syndrome
symptoms
treatment
AI reaction against antigenic proteins formed as myometrium recovers
2-6w post MI, fever, pleuritic chest pain, pericardial effusion, increased ESR
NSAIDs
