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4 MBCHB > PEADS 1 > Flashcards

PEADS 1 Flashcards

1
Q 
heart rate of newborns
<1
1-2
2-5
6-12
>12
A 
160
120-160
90-150
80-140
70-120
60-100
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2
Q 
respiratory rate of newborns
<1
1-2
2-5
6-12
>12
A 
60
30-60
24-40
22-34
18-30
12-16
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3
Q 
systolic blood pressure of newborns
<1
1-2
2-5
6-12
>12
A 
70
75
80-90
90-110
>120
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4
Q

what is hypoxischaemic encephalitis

A

neonatal injury secondary to prenatal, perinatal or postnatal asphyxia

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5
Q

when should APGAR be taken

A

1, 5 and 10 mins

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6
Q

symptoms mild of HIE

A

irritable, increased tone/reflexes, staring, poor feeding

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7
Q

mod symptoms of HIE

A

lethargy, decreased tone/reflexes, seizures

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8
Q

severe symptoms of HIE

A

come, decreased tone, absent reflexes, prolonged seizures, multi organ failure

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9
Q

investigations for SIE

A

cerebral function monitor
EEG
MRI brain

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10
Q

complications for HIE

A

cerebral palsy, LD, epilepsy, hearing/visual impairment

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11
Q

treatment for HIE

A

respiratory and circulatory support, anticonvulsants, cooling down

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12
Q

causes for respiratory distress in term babies

A 
meconium aspiration 
congenital pneumonia
PPHN
heart failure 
pneumothorax
diaphragmatic hernia
TTN
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13
Q

who does meconium aspiration happen in and what is the treatment
and CRA results

A

post term babies
surfactant
patchy infiltrates

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14
Q

shunt of PPHN

A

right to left

cyanosis

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15
Q

treatment of PPHN

A

nitric acid/IV prostaglandin

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16
Q

heart failure occurs secondary to what

A

congenital disease like PDA

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17
Q

treatment for heart failure in babies

A

diuretics

18
Q

main symptom/sign of heart failure in babies

A

failure to thrive

19
Q

pneumothorax causes

risk factor for it

A

spontaneous
secondary to CPAP

c section

20
Q

chest xray for pneumothorax

treatment

A

hyper lucency and absent lung markings
small - conservative
large or symptomatic chest drain

21
Q

diaphragmatic hernia leads to what
what does the chest X-ray look like
rx

A

pulmonary hyperplasia
bowel loops in chest and mediastinal deviation
surgery

22
Q

TTN is what
who does it happen in
what can be seen on the X-ray
prognosis

A

delay in reabsorption of fluid in c section babies
fluid in horizontal fissure - wet lungs
resolves itself in a few days

23
Q

investigation for respiratory distress in term babies

A

CEX, ECHO if persistent or PPHN suspected

24
Q

what is prematurity and what counts as very premature

A

under 37 weeks

under 28 weeks

25
Q

respiratory distress syndrome in prem babies is due to what
what can be seen on the chest x ray
rx

A

surfactant deficiency also known as hyaline membrane disease
ground glass, air bronchograms
antenatal steroids up to 36w. exogenous surfactant. ventilation

26
Q

complication of prolonged ventilation in babies

A

bronchopulmonary dysplasia

27
Q

apnoea of immaturity is what

A

cessation of breathing for 20 seconds or over accompanied by hypoxia or bradychardia

28
Q

patent ductus arteriosis is a what type of shunt
symptoms and specific sign that can be heard
rx

A

left to right (acyanotic)
fluid overload, HF, machinery murmur between the clavicles, bounding pulse, heaving apex
indomethacin (NSAID), surgical

29
Q

necrotising enterocolitis is what
treatment
when is it common

A

ischaemia of gut wall
NBM surgery
after recovering from ARDS

30
Q

retinopathy of immaturity occurs when
risk factors for it
rx

A

6=8w post.
extreme prematurity, excessive oxygen therapy
screen at risk babies. laser therapy for severe

31
Q

intraventricular haemorrhage is what and what is it secondary to
ix
rx
cx

A

bleed into germinal matrix. secondary to hypoxia/RDS
US
CSF taps/shunt
hydrocephalus, CP, anaemia

32
Q

neonatal sepsis causes

A

prolonged rupture of membrane >24 hours, chorioamnecitis, GBS, EColi, c, g, listeria, HSV, coag neg staph

33
Q

chlamydia symptoms in babies

A

conjunctivitis in first week

pneumonia 4

34
Q

ix for neonatal sepsis

A

CRP, WBC, FBC, LP, urin, CXR

35
Q

treatment for neonatal sepsis for mum

for baby

A

IV co amox 1.2g TDS plus/minus Gen IV

IV benzylpenicillin and Gent

36
Q

when can antibiotics be stopped in neonatal sepsis

A

2 CRP <4 within 36 hours

37
Q

neonatal jaundice when is it normal

A

d2 to around 2-3 weeks

38
Q

causes of prolonged or early jaundice

A

rhesus, ABO haemolytic, hereditary spherocytosis, G6PD deficits, biliary atresia, neonatal hep, hypothyroid, UTI, breast milk, galactoseamia

39
Q

ix for prolonged jaundice

A

coombs test, TFTs, FBC and film, urine, U and Es, LFTs, inflam markers, liver USS

40
Q

treatment for jaundice

A

phototherapy

exchange trafusion

41
Q

complications of jaundice

A

kernicterus encephalopathy of unconjugated bilirubin - CP, SNHL

4 MBCHB (80 decks)

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