PEADS 1 Flashcards
heart rate of newborns <1 1-2 2-5 6-12 >12
160 120-160 90-150 80-140 70-120 60-100
respiratory rate of newborns <1 1-2 2-5 6-12 >12
60 30-60 24-40 22-34 18-30 12-16
systolic blood pressure of newborns <1 1-2 2-5 6-12 >12
70 75 80-90 90-110 >120
what is hypoxischaemic encephalitis
neonatal injury secondary to prenatal, perinatal or postnatal asphyxia
when should APGAR be taken
1, 5 and 10 mins
symptoms mild of HIE
irritable, increased tone/reflexes, staring, poor feeding
mod symptoms of HIE
lethargy, decreased tone/reflexes, seizures
severe symptoms of HIE
come, decreased tone, absent reflexes, prolonged seizures, multi organ failure
investigations for SIE
cerebral function monitor
EEG
MRI brain
complications for HIE
cerebral palsy, LD, epilepsy, hearing/visual impairment
treatment for HIE
respiratory and circulatory support, anticonvulsants, cooling down
causes for respiratory distress in term babies
meconium aspiration congenital pneumonia PPHN heart failure pneumothorax diaphragmatic hernia TTN
who does meconium aspiration happen in and what is the treatment
and CRA results
post term babies
surfactant
patchy infiltrates
shunt of PPHN
right to left
cyanosis
treatment of PPHN
nitric acid/IV prostaglandin
heart failure occurs secondary to what
congenital disease like PDA
treatment for heart failure in babies
diuretics
main symptom/sign of heart failure in babies
failure to thrive
pneumothorax causes
risk factor for it
spontaneous
secondary to CPAP
c section
chest xray for pneumothorax
treatment
hyper lucency and absent lung markings
small - conservative
large or symptomatic chest drain
diaphragmatic hernia leads to what
what does the chest X-ray look like
rx
pulmonary hyperplasia
bowel loops in chest and mediastinal deviation
surgery
TTN is what
who does it happen in
what can be seen on the X-ray
prognosis
delay in reabsorption of fluid in c section babies
fluid in horizontal fissure - wet lungs
resolves itself in a few days
investigation for respiratory distress in term babies
CEX, ECHO if persistent or PPHN suspected
what is prematurity and what counts as very premature
under 37 weeks
under 28 weeks
respiratory distress syndrome in prem babies is due to what
what can be seen on the chest x ray
rx
surfactant deficiency also known as hyaline membrane disease
ground glass, air bronchograms
antenatal steroids up to 36w. exogenous surfactant. ventilation
complication of prolonged ventilation in babies
bronchopulmonary dysplasia
apnoea of immaturity is what
cessation of breathing for 20 seconds or over accompanied by hypoxia or bradychardia
patent ductus arteriosis is a what type of shunt
symptoms and specific sign that can be heard
rx
left to right (acyanotic)
fluid overload, HF, machinery murmur between the clavicles, bounding pulse, heaving apex
indomethacin (NSAID), surgical
necrotising enterocolitis is what
treatment
when is it common
ischaemia of gut wall
NBM surgery
after recovering from ARDS
retinopathy of immaturity occurs when
risk factors for it
rx
6=8w post.
extreme prematurity, excessive oxygen therapy
screen at risk babies. laser therapy for severe
intraventricular haemorrhage is what and what is it secondary to
ix
rx
cx
bleed into germinal matrix. secondary to hypoxia/RDS
US
CSF taps/shunt
hydrocephalus, CP, anaemia
neonatal sepsis causes
prolonged rupture of membrane >24 hours, chorioamnecitis, GBS, EColi, c, g, listeria, HSV, coag neg staph
chlamydia symptoms in babies
conjunctivitis in first week
pneumonia 4
ix for neonatal sepsis
CRP, WBC, FBC, LP, urin, CXR
treatment for neonatal sepsis for mum
for baby
IV co amox 1.2g TDS plus/minus Gen IV
IV benzylpenicillin and Gent
when can antibiotics be stopped in neonatal sepsis
2 CRP <4 within 36 hours
neonatal jaundice when is it normal
d2 to around 2-3 weeks
causes of prolonged or early jaundice
rhesus, ABO haemolytic, hereditary spherocytosis, G6PD deficits, biliary atresia, neonatal hep, hypothyroid, UTI, breast milk, galactoseamia
ix for prolonged jaundice
coombs test, TFTs, FBC and film, urine, U and Es, LFTs, inflam markers, liver USS
treatment for jaundice
phototherapy
exchange trafusion
complications of jaundice
kernicterus encephalopathy of unconjugated bilirubin - CP, SNHL
