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Equine > Urine > Flashcards

Urine Flashcards

1
Q

main causes of PUPD

A

-primary psychogenic
-PPID
-renal dx

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2
Q

signs of uraemia

A

depression
poor hair coat
tartar

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3
Q

acute causes of renal dx

A

toxicity
shock
immune-mediated
acute interstitial nephritis

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4
Q

chronic casues of renal dx

A

glomerular dx
CKD
amyloidosis
neoplasia

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5
Q

diet for CKD

A

avoid high Ca (alfalfa)
high carb diet

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6
Q

causes of UMN bladder and LMN bladder

A

UMN: EHV-1
LMN: trauma, EHV-1

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7
Q

non-neurogenic causes of urinary incontinence

A

cystitis
neoplasia
foaling

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8
Q

foal incontinence most likely cause

A

ectopic ureter

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9
Q

causes of haematuria

A

urethral tears
neopalsia
cystitis
urolithiasis

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10
Q

3 barriers to mare repro tract

A

vulva lips
vestibule sphincter
cervix

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11
Q

common causes for reconstructive sx in mares

A

pneumovagina
urovagina
perineal injuries
cervical laceration

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12
Q

pneumovagina cause and sequelae

A

cause - poor perineal conformation, injury
sequellae - inf. of vagina, cervix, endometrium

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13
Q

best time to examine for pneumovagina

A

estrus (repro tract is relaxed)

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14
Q

tx for pneumovagina

A

Caslick’s vulvoplasty

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15
Q

in a urovagina, where does vestibule/vagina move

A

into abdomen from repeated stretching of tissues that suspend repro tract forward

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16
Q

tx for urovagina

A
  1. caudal extension of urethral orifice
  2. caudal retraction of transverse fold
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17
Q

what age gets perineal lacerations? cervial lacerations?

A

first time.
older.

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18
Q

1st, 2nd, 3rd degree perineal laceration

A

1 - mucosa, submucosa, skin of dorsal vestibule
2 - musculature of constrictor muscle (vestibuloplasty)
3 - rectovestibular laceration

19
Q

tx for 3rd degree perinal laceration

A

-AB, NSAID, tetanus protection
-Surfical repair of rectovaginal shelf (*wait 4-6 weeks before sx so doesn’t dehise)

20
Q

what is it called when you have tear between rectum and vestibule, but perineal body is in tact

A

rectovestibular fistula
(can convert to 3rd degree laceration to reconstruct)

21
Q

sx repair for cervical laceration if it extens more than ___% the length of cervix

A

50
3 layer closure

22
Q

most common ovarian tumor

A

granulosa cell tumor

23
Q

signs of granulosa cell tumor

A

absense of estrus (or unusual)
stallion-like behavior
increased muscle, cresty neck

24
Q

hormonal assay for Granulosa cell tumor

A

Anti-Mullerian Hormone

25
Q

each __minutes increase in duration of stage 2 labor past 30m is associated with 10% increase in risk of being born dead

A

10

26
Q

signs of stage 1 parturition

A

restlessness
sweaty
flank wathcing
lying down, stretching

27
Q

when does stage 2 parturition start

A

rupture of chorioallantois –> watery discharge

28
Q

foals are usually delivered ___m after chorioallantoic rupture

A

20-30
*intervene if no progress after 15-20 minutes

29
Q

mare signs during stage 3

A

abdominal discomfort

30
Q

uterine involution takes how long

A

9 days

31
Q

options to manage dystocia (progress from one to the next if no progress within 20m)

A
  1. assisted vaginal
  2. controled vaginal (GA)
  3. C section
  4. fetotomy
32
Q

why elevate mare hindquarters in controlled vag delivery

A

make abdominal contents fall cranially

33
Q

uroperitoneum is most common in who

A

colts (newborn male) - longer ureter get squished in parturition

34
Q

uroperitoneum signs (not right away)

A

abdominal distension
tachycardia
tachypnea
straining to urinate

35
Q

why is uroperitoneum so dangerous

A

high K, low Na penetrate thru peritoneum (semi-premeable) to heart

36
Q

tx for uroperitoneum

A
  1. drain
  2. fluids
  3. sx repair of bladder (ventral midline)
37
Q

how many layers to close bladder

A

2

38
Q

what is patent urachus

A

urachus doesn’t close/reopens at birth (ie: excessive traction)
==> might see urine dripping

39
Q

tx for patent urachus

A

cauterizing agent applied for several days

40
Q

urachus should atrophy after birth to form a scar on the ____.

A

apex of the bladder

41
Q

ublicial remnant infection could be an infection of what?

A

urachus
umbilical artery
umbilical vein

42
Q

an increase of width of umbilical arteries of more than _____suggests infection. increase of width beyond ____ of the umbilical vein suggests infection.

A

25 mm
10 mm

43
Q

can you surgically resect umbilical remnant

A

yes, may be needed if AB tx doesn’t cut it

Equine (38 decks)

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