MSK 1

Question 1

general causes of lameness

Answer 1

inflammation
mechanical defect
neuro defect

Question 2

Protocol for assessing lameness

Answer 2

1. hx
2. at rest
3. palpate/manipulate
4. while moving
5. flexion tests
6. nerve blocks, imaging

Question 3

what to look for on dynamic observations

Answer 3

-foot placement
-should be flat foot
-extension/flexion

Question 4

head nod on forelimbs

Answer 4

up on lame leg
down on sound leg

Question 5

hip hike on hindlimbs

Answer 5

glute moves more on lame side (either up or down)

Question 6

how can you distinguish which is worse in contralateral lameness: front or back

Answer 6

flexion test

Question 7

what is purpose of flexion tests

Answer 7

exacerbate lameness

Question 8

how to do nerve blocks

Answer 8

start low go high –> look for lameness changing/skin sensation.

within 8 minutes bc diffuses quickly

Question 9

best local to use for blocks?

Answer 9

mepivicaine

Question 10

how to restrain for blocks

Answer 10

nose/neck twitch
food
ACP, xylazine

Question 11

block for foot

Answer 11

Palmar/plantar digital nerve block (just below heel bulb)

Question 12

what dodes the abaxial sesamoid nerve block?

Answer 12

Hoof capsule

Proximal interphalangeal joint

Palmar pastern region {sesamoid ligaments, DDFT, SDFT, distal tendon sheath, metacarophalangeal joint}

Question 13

what does the Low 4-6 Pt Nerve Block cover

Answer 13

everything from Abaxial +

DFTS
Fetlock (suspensory)

Question 14

what is fibrotic myopathy

Answer 14

trauma to hamstring –> scars up semitendinosus muscle

Question 15

two scales for lameness

Answer 15

AAEP (0-5)
Wyn-Jones (0-10)

Question 16

fibrotic myopathy characteristic gair

Answer 16

shortened cranial phase
slaps hoof down

Question 17

what is sweeny

Answer 17

peripheral nerve inj. associated w blunt trauma –> atrophy of supraspinatous/infraspinatous

Question 18

sweeny characteristic gait

Answer 18

subluxation of shoulder gait

Question 19

Stringhalt gait

Answer 19

exaggerated upward flexion of hindlimb underneath belly on every stride

Question 20

Shiverer gait

Answer 20

hyperflexion/shivering in air before putting foot on ground. NOT EVERY STEP, episodic.
abducts foot, not under belly

Question 21

upward fixation of the patella - gait

Answer 21

Episodic.
cannot flex stifle
drag extended limb on toe.

Question 22

ruptured peroneus tertius - how it reciprocal apparatus disrupted

Answer 22

hock is extended while stifle is flexed

Question 23

differentials for dropped elbow

Answer 23

Olecranon fx
Triceps myopathy
Shoulder fx
Humerus fx
Radial nerve paralysis