Equine Resp1 Flashcards
true nostril is located ventral/central. what is located dorsally
nasal diverticulum
each nasal cavity contains two major conchae, which are
scroll-shaped bones covered in mucosa
conchae divide each nasal cavity into 4 different ___
meatus
dorsal and ventral conchae contain bullae, which are
air-filled structures
describe ethmoid region
highly vascularized, lined w olfactory epithelium
how many pairs of paranasal sinuses
7 pairs
alveolar bone from which teeth protrude into maxillary sinuses
8-11
which paranasal sinuses communicate w the nasal passages
all
signs of sinus dx
Purulent unilateral nasal discharge
Unilateral LN enlargement
Swelling
Epistaxis
if nasal discharge is present, what should you rule out via endoscopy due to infectious dx risk
guttural pouch empyema (strangles)
what should you look for on endoscopy
Exudate from nasomaxillary aperture.
Sinonasal fistulas.
2 most common radiograph signs of periapical infection
periapical halo
periapical sclerosis
portals for sinoscopy are made in which sinuses?
frontal and caudal maxillary
facial nerve paralysis - is it usually reversible
usually, unless severed
what is alar fold collapse
alar fold (between diverticulum and true nostril) collapses during exercise causing obstruction to airflow, buzzing noise
how to chemically ablate cyst in false nostrol
10% formalin
what is wry nose
rare congenital deformity –> routine odontoplasty q6mo
Pregressive Ethmoid Hematoma (PEH)
slow expanding mass –> unilateral intermittent low volume epistaxis
PEH appearance
red-green or yellow-green mass
tx for PEH
chemical ablation w 10% formalin
why does URT lead to primary sinusitis
increased mucus and inflammation –>
impaired drainage –>
predisposed to bacterial infection
tx for primary sinusitis
feed from ground
NSAIDs
AB if severe
sinus irrigation if chronic
causes of secondary sinusitis
dental dx
PEH
trauma
cyst
signs of sinus cyst
swelling
exophthalmos
epiphora
secondary sinusitis
tx for sinus cyst
surgical removal
define trephined osteotomy
surgically making hole into paranasal sinuses (can be front, rostal/caudal maxillary)
where do you go in for trephined osteotomy of the frontal sinus
-0.5 cm caudal to line between medial canthi
-halfway between midline and medial canthus
after opening the frontal sinus, what big hole do you see?
What is the bubble shaped structure within it?
Frontomaxillary aperture.
Maxillary septal bullae.
why fenestrate Maxillary septal bullae?
to see all other sinuses
