Equine Resp1

Question 1

true nostril is located ventral/central. what is located dorsally

Answer 1

nasal diverticulum

Question 2

each nasal cavity contains two major conchae, which are

Answer 2

scroll-shaped bones covered in mucosa

Question 3

conchae divide each nasal cavity into 4 different ___

Answer 3

meatus

Question 4

dorsal and ventral conchae contain bullae, which are

Answer 4

air-filled structures

Question 5

describe ethmoid region

Answer 5

highly vascularized, lined w olfactory epithelium

Question 6

how many pairs of paranasal sinuses

Answer 6

7 pairs

Question 7

alveolar bone from which teeth protrude into maxillary sinuses

Answer 7

8-11

Question 8

which paranasal sinuses communicate w the nasal passages

Answer 8

all

Question 9

signs of sinus dx

Answer 9

Purulent unilateral nasal discharge
Unilateral LN enlargement
Swelling
Epistaxis

Question 10

if nasal discharge is present, what should you rule out via endoscopy due to infectious dx risk

Answer 10

guttural pouch empyema (strangles)

Question 11

what should you look for on endoscopy

Answer 11

Exudate from nasomaxillary aperture.
Sinonasal fistulas.

Question 12

2 most common radiograph signs of periapical infection

Answer 12

periapical halo
periapical sclerosis

Question 13

portals for sinoscopy are made in which sinuses?

Answer 13

frontal and caudal maxillary

Question 14

facial nerve paralysis - is it usually reversible

Answer 14

usually, unless severed

Question 15

what is alar fold collapse

Answer 15

alar fold (between diverticulum and true nostril) collapses during exercise causing obstruction to airflow, buzzing noise

Question 16

how to chemically ablate cyst in false nostrol

Answer 16

10% formalin

Question 17

what is wry nose

Answer 17

rare congenital deformity –> routine odontoplasty q6mo

Question 18

Pregressive Ethmoid Hematoma (PEH)

Answer 18

slow expanding mass –> unilateral intermittent low volume epistaxis

Question 19

PEH appearance

Answer 19

red-green or yellow-green mass

Question 20

tx for PEH

Answer 20

chemical ablation w 10% formalin

Question 21

why does URT lead to primary sinusitis

Answer 21

increased mucus and inflammation –>
impaired drainage –>
predisposed to bacterial infection

Question 22

tx for primary sinusitis

Answer 22

feed from ground
NSAIDs

AB if severe
sinus irrigation if chronic

Question 23

causes of secondary sinusitis

Answer 23

dental dx
PEH
trauma
cyst

Question 24

signs of sinus cyst

Answer 24

swelling
exophthalmos
epiphora
secondary sinusitis

Question 25

tx for sinus cyst

Answer 25

surgical removal

Question 26

define trephined osteotomy

Answer 26

surgically making hole into paranasal sinuses (can be front, rostal/caudal maxillary)

Question 27

where do you go in for trephined osteotomy of the frontal sinus

Answer 27

-0.5 cm caudal to line between medial canthi
-halfway between midline and medial canthus

Question 28

after opening the frontal sinus, what big hole do you see?
What is the bubble shaped structure within it?

Answer 28

Frontomaxillary aperture.
Maxillary septal bullae.

Question 29

why fenestrate Maxillary septal bullae?

Answer 29

to see all other sinuses