Castration

Question 1

when is castration usually done

Answer 1

1 -2 years (or when pathology/behavior issues arise)

Question 2

how to ID horse before castration

Answer 2

microchip
passport
(name tag isn’t enough)

Question 3

what hx questions to ask before castrating in yard? (if yes, send to refferal)

Answer 3

fluctuation groin swelling?
inguinal hernia as a foal?

Question 4

can you castrate a cryptorchid?

Answer 4

only castrate if both testicles!!

Question 5

if no tetanus vaccine history, what to do?

Answer 5

antitoxin + vax

(can just vax if already had it but been a year)

Question 6

why is summer not a good time to castrate?

Answer 6

flies

Question 7

standing sedation or GA?

Answer 7

either

Question 8

should AB be given pre or post castration

Answer 8

pre

Question 9

after 2-5 min scrub (betadine or chlorhex), what to rinse with?

Answer 9

saline or alcohol

Question 10

meds for standing sedation?

Answer 10

a2agonist + opioid (torb)

Question 11

whats wrong w xylazine in standing sedation

Answer 11

can still kick w it

Question 12

should you inject local into testicle or spermatic cord

Answer 12

testicle bc may get haematoma in spermatic cord

Question 13

meds for GA

Answer 13

a2 agonist + opioid ==>
ketamine +/-diazepam

Question 14

is cutting side of emasculator closer to testicle or body wall

Answer 14

testicle

Question 15

describe how serra emasculators work

Answer 15

single closing crushes and transects spermatic cord

(haemostasis via compression, stretching, tearing)

Question 16

describe how reimer emasculators work

Answer 16

closing doesn’t transect spermatic cord

(haemostasis via compression)

Question 17

which emasculator is good for standing sedation

Answer 17

serra (one simple movement)

Question 18

what type of castration is for standing?

Answer 18

open (not removing parietal tunic)

Question 19

where should you be for standing castration

Answer 19

against shoulder,
your head is against his flank

Question 20

for open castration, which ligament do you sever to release ___ from the parietal tunic?

Answer 20

ligament of the tail of the epididymis.
epididymis

Question 21

apply emasculator to ___ and then ____ for open castration

Answer 21

vessels
ductus deferens

Question 22

bc you don’t remove the parietal tunic during open castration, what are you at risk of developing?

Answer 22

hydrocele

Question 23

do you need GA for closed castration

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

whats different about closed castration for older stallion

Answer 24

must separate cremaster muscle bc spermatic cord gets larger w age so need to do them separately

Question 25

w closed castration, where do you apply ligaures to

Answer 25

spermatic cord

Question 26

pros of closed castration

Answer 26

better haemostasis
less risk of peritoneal contamination

BUT ligature is like a FB and needs GA

Question 27

describe semi-closed castration
*should do this in hospital setting

Answer 27

open parietal tunic, look inside, then emasculate all together

(Good for checking for intestines if hx of hernia)

Question 28

how long to leave emasculators on for

Answer 28

1 minute per year of life (age)

Question 29

can you do standing castration for donkey?

Answer 29

no, need GA bc short and high vasculature (needs to be closed castration)

Question 30

primary closure can reduce post-op complications. when is this done

Answer 30

if sx was in sterile env

Question 31

post op care

Answer 31

box rest 24 hr
then BID exercise to prevent edema

NSAIDs for 3d

Question 32

which artery does haemorrhage come from ususally

Answer 32

testicular artery

Question 33

what can lead to haemorrahge

Answer 33

emasculators are backwards
emasculators aren’t perpendicular

Question 34

edema usually occurs how long after castration

Answer 34

5-6d

(incision was too small, or horse wasn’t exercised)

Question 35

tx for edema post op

Answer 35

open sealed wounds
rigorous exercise
NSAIDs

Question 36

what is septic finiculitis

Answer 36

infected spermatic cord
(see granulation tissue coming out)