Cryptorchidism

Question 1

What shortens to move the testes into the inguinal canal

Answer 1

gubernaculum

Question 2

inguinal rings contract within first ____ of life

Answer 2

2 weeks

Question 3

types of cryptochordism

Answer 3

abdominal
partial abdominal (epididymis only)
inguinal

Question 4

cuases of cryptochordism

Answer 4

inherited
improper gubernaculum fxn
testicular abnormalities

Question 5

do retained testes make sperm? testosterone?

Answer 5

no
yes

Question 6

to facilitate palpation, sedate to relax what?

Answer 6

cremaster muscle

Question 7

which hormone assays can we use?

Answer 7

serum testosterone
serum estrogen
hCG
serum AMH

Question 8

serum testosterone under ___ pg/mL indicates no testicular tissue. over ___ pg/mL indicates testicular tissue.

Answer 8

40
100

*naturally lower in young colts

Question 9

describe hCG stimulation test

Answer 9

1. baseline sample
2. hCG IV
3. 2h +/- 24h later ==> another blood sample

if testicular tissue present: testosterone will increase 2-3x

Question 10

serum estrogen can be measured in stallions over ___years. ___ pg/mL indicates testicular tissue present

Answer 10

3 years
400

Question 11

AMH is secreted by the ___ cells. AMH is higher in cryptorchids or intact?

Answer 11

Sertoli.
cryptochids (similar to prepubertial)

Question 12

should you remove cryptorchid in first opinion practice?

Answer 12

no. and never remove the dropped one only.

Question 13

describe inguinal tx for cryptochordism

Answer 13

inguinal:
GA,
Incise over superficial inguinal,
Tension on gubernaculum to bring parietal tunic into inguinal canal,
Incise into tunic and pull epididymis

Question 14

GA or sedation for laparoscopic tx for retained testes

Answer 14

either but Standing sedation

Question 15

if you leave infected penis trauma to heal by second intention, what should you apply to it?

Answer 15

antimicrobial emollient cream

Question 16

what is paraphimosis

Answer 16

cannot retract penis into prepuce

Question 17

causes of paraphimosis

Answer 17

trauma
ACP
malnutrition

Question 18

initial tx for paraphimosis

Answer 18

compressive bandage distally (5-10m)
cold water
massage

*may need purse string suture to keep it in

Question 19

tx for paraphimosis over 7-10d

Answer 19

NSAIDs
tetanus
daily exercise
hydrotherapy BID

Question 20

surgical tx for paraphimosis

Answer 20

preputiotomy
phallectomy

Question 21

tx for small superficial neoplasia on penis

Answer 21

chemo cream q2w

Question 22

tx for larger superficial neoplasia

Answer 22

cryotherapy w liquid nitrogen

Question 23

tx for extensive neoplasia

Answer 23

phallectomy

Question 24

what is phimosis

Answer 24

cannot protrude penis from prepuce due to smaller orifice

Question 25

phimosis occurs naturally in foals for the first __ months

Answer 25

1

Question 26

what is priapism

Answer 26

prolonged erection

Question 27

pathogenesis of priapism from erection to edema

Answer 27

1. engorged penis --> vascular stasis 2. CO2 causes erythrocytes to sickle 3. sickle cells obstruct outflow (edema)

Question 28

tx for priapism

Answer 28

1. massage, cream, sling 2. clenbuterol 3. inject phenylephrine into CCP