parturition

Question 1

how to predict foaling time

Answer 1

1. mammary development 2-6w
2. perineal ligaments relax 1-3w
3. waxing of teats 48-72h
4. milk leakage 12-24h
5. vulval relax 0-24h

Question 2

what main change in mammary secretion composition do you look for right before parturition

Answer 2

rise in calcium

Question 3

how far in advance should you open Caslick sutures

Answer 3

4 weeks

Question 4

whats the problem w inducing parturition

Answer 4

HPA axis in foal doesn’t mature fully until final 3d of pregnancy

Question 5

what is a red bag delivery

Answer 5

chorioallantois separates from endometrium early. need to cut it so foal doesn’t suffer

Question 5

why examine placenta after stage 3

Answer 5

no tears, no RFM

Question 6

first estrus is __d post foaling. ovulation is ___d.

Answer 6

6-7
9-11

Question 7

most common post-foaling complications

Answer 7

1. colic (uterine contractions, large colon torsion)
2. RFM

Question 8

fetal membranes should be passed within __h

Answer 8

3

Question 9

tx for RFM

Answer 9

1. tye up placneta so not stepped on
2. oxytocin
3. GENTLE traction
   +/- calcium

Question 10

what is Burns Technique for RFM

Answer 10

large volume fluid via NG tube
–> puts pressure on placenta and should pop it off

Question 11

what is Dutch Technique for RFM

Answer 11

needle to umbilical cord vessels –> give fluids –> pressure pops it off.

Question 12

after moving RFM, what to do

Answer 12

large volume uterine lavage
broad spectrum AB
NSAIDs
tetanus prophylaxis

Question 13

metritis signs

Answer 13

discharge 24h after foaling

Question 14

tx for metritis

Answer 14

lavage
intrauterine lavage

Question 15

risk factors for uterine artery rupture

Answer 15

older mares
*No association w dystocia

Question 16

signs of uterine artery rupture

Answer 16

colic +
hypovolaemic shock (tachycardia, pale MM, labored breathing)

Question 17

tx for uterine artery rupture

Answer 17

box rest
analgesia
broad AB
transfusion/fluids if needed

Question 18

prognosis for uterin rupture

Answer 18

peritonitis if mild
fatal if severe (can try sx tho)

Question 18

uterine rupture can lead to ____ becuase it often goes unnoticed

Answer 18

peritonitis

Question 19

degrees if perineal lacerations

Answer 19

1st - skin/MM
2nd - skin/MM/muscle
3rd - fistula of vagina to rectum

Question 20

who gets agalactia

Answer 20

first time mares,
systemically ill mares