MSK 4

Question 1

what are the 7 developmental ortho dx

Answer 1

osteochondrosis
subchondral cysts
angular limb deformities
flexural limb deformitites
physitis
cuboidal bone abdnormalities
CVM

Question 2

what is osteochondrosis

Answer 2

disturbance in endochondral ossification –> fragments in cartilage = OCD

Question 3

is diaphysis ossified at birth? is epiphysis?

Answer 3

yes
no

Question 4

pathogenesis of osteochondrosis

Answer 4

cartilage canal vessels become constricted –> ischaemia

Question 5

4 things that can lead to osteochondrosis

Answer 5

1. trauma
2. exercise
3. nutrition/hormone
4. genetics

Question 6

what does it mean to say osteochondrosis is a dynamic dx

Answer 6

hock: most better by 5 mo
stifle: most better by 8 mo

Question 7

which sites are most commonly affected by osteochondrosis

Answer 7

tarsus (hock)!
stifle!
fetlock

Question 8

OC exam findings

Answer 8

lameness
effusion

Question 9

OC - what to look for on radiograph

Answer 9

radiopaque fragments

Question 10

where does effusion show up in stifle OC

Answer 10

femoropatellar joint
femortibial joint

Question 11

why is US useful for OC

Answer 11

visualize cartilage

Question 12

tx for OCD

Answer 12

1. rest, controlled exercise, NSAID
2. sx arthroscopy

Question 13

where does cyst occur on stifle

Answer 13

medial femoral condyle

Question 14

stifle cyst tx options

Answer 14

1. Arthroscopic deridement
2. Intra-cyst steroid inj
3. Transcortical screw (trauma ==> new bone growth)

Question 15

valgus

Answer 15

knee goes in

Question 16

angular vs flexural limb deformities

Answer 16

angular from frontal plane, flexural from sagittal plane

Question 17

congenital causes of angular limb deformities

Answer 17

Incomplete cuboidal bone ossification

Laxity

Question 18

acquired causes of angular limb deformities

Answer 18

disproportionate bone growth

Question 19

up to __ degree deviation of limb angles is normal

Answer 19

4

Question 20

tx for angular limb deformities

Answer 20

hoof manipulation
transphyseal bridge

Question 21

when to tx for ALD

Answer 21

fetlock:
sx by 4-6w
should be resolved before 12w of age

carpus: 6mo

Question 22

describe hoof manipulation for ALD

Answer 22

valgus: rasp outside hoof wall, extension placed medial

varus: rasp inside hoof wall, extension placed lateral

Question 23

how does transphyseal bridge as tx for ALD work

Answer 23

screw pinches one side to slow growth

Question 24

flexural limb deformities: which are born and which are acquired

Answer 24

knee: born
fetlock, distal phalangeal (coffin): acquired

Question 25

what to do for congenital flexural contracture?

Answer 25

IV oxytet farriery casts analgesia (don't bandage if laxity)

Question 26

cause of congenital flexural contracture?

Answer 26

dystocia ==> bandage for 24h + box rest + analgesia

Question 27

acquired flexural deformities - type A vs type b

Answer 27

type a = dorsal hoof wall doesn't pass beyond vertical type b = passes beyond vertical

Question 28

acquired flexural deformities tx DIPj

Answer 28

can try to sx elongate DDFT

Question 29

risk factors for physitis

Answer 29

exercise rapid growth

Question 30

tx for physitis

Answer 30

reduce nutrition box rest NSAIDs

Question 31

cuboidal bone abnormalities

Answer 31

underdeveloped newborns --> tarsus hasn't ossified --> more likely to get crushed