Toxicology/Emerging Dx

Question 1

Notifiable Dx of horses

Answer 1

African Horse Sickness
EVA
West Nile
Anthrax
CEM

Question 2

AHS (Orbivirus related to Bluetongue)- transmission?

Answer 2

Culicoides

Question 3

4 syndromes for AHS

Answer 3

1. peracute (sudden death, pyrexia + coughing)
2. acute/cardiac (petechiation, pyrexia, edema of neck)
3. mixed pulmonary/cardiac (most cases)
4. fever (LOA, dyspnea, tachycardia, subclincial)

Question 4

whats the problem w african horse fever

Answer 4

can harbor dx and give more severe form to other horse

Question 5

tx for african horse sickness

Answer 5

compulsory euthanasia
restrict movements, 3 zones

Question 6

control for AHS

Answer 6

stabile at dusk/dawn
insect repellents
eliminate stagnant water

Question 7

West Nile Fever transmission

Answer 7

wild birds + mosquito
humans and horses are dead end hosts

Question 8

presentation of West Nile Virus

Answer 8

ataxia, head pressing, weakness, tremors, transient fever

10% = encephalomyelitis, death

Question 9

is there a vax for West Nile Fever

Answer 9

yes (not for AHS)

Question 10

is there a euthanasia requirement for West Nile?

Answer 10

no

Question 11

Equine Infectious Anaemia - transmission

Answer 11

vectors AND vertical

Question 12

signs of EIA

Answer 12

pyrexia
weight loss
anaemia
edema
death?

Question 13

gold standard dx test for EIA

Answer 13

Coggins test

Question 14

is there compulsory euthanasia for EIA

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

usual presentation of toxins

Answer 15

sudden death
can be a group
unusual clinical signs

Question 16

hx for toxins cases

Answer 16

recent food/environment change
weather changes
snowy/poor pasture

Question 17

tx for toxins

Answer 17

AC
wash skin if topical
supportive fluids

Question 18

what can cause primary photosensitization

Answer 18

st johns wort

Question 19

signs of yew

Answer 19

collapse and sudden death
(maybe tremors)

Question 20

tannins are found in ____. sings?

Answer 20

acorns.
colic, haemorrhagic D

Question 21

garlic/onions cause oxidative stress, leading to

Answer 21

Heinz body anaemia

Question 22

blind staggers (weakness, ataxia, circling) is caused by ____ over-supplementation

Answer 22

selenium

Question 23

signs of perenial ryegrass staggers

Answer 23

vestibulocerebellar signs

Question 24

tx for lead toxicity

Answer 24

chelation
supplement Ca (decreases absorption in GIT)

Question 25

tx for rat poison toxicity

Answer 25

Vit K
plasma

Question 26

tx for NSAID toxicity

Answer 26

psyllium
plasma
PG analogue

Question 27

which AB can cause toxicity

Answer 27

aminoglycoside (PU, proteinuria, haematuria)