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High School Anatomy > Urinary Test > Flashcards

Urinary Test Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the urinary system?

A

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

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2
Q

What three processes occur in the nephron?

A

Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion

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3
Q

What are the intrinsic controls of GFR?

A

Renal auto-regulation, myogenic controls, tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism

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4
Q

Where does GFR take place?

A

The nephron

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5
Q

What do myogenic controls do?

A

They intrinsically control glomular pressure, the constriction of muscles via blood pressure, and responses to stretch

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6
Q

What controls glomular pressure?

A

Myogenic responses

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7
Q

What does the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism of the GFR do?

A

It releases vasoconstricting chemicals, constricts afferent arteries, and slows GFR to allow time for filtration

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8
Q

What releases vasoconstricting chemicals?

A

The tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism

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9
Q

What is GFR in charge of?

A

Net filtration pressure

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10
Q

What are the extrinsic controls of the GFR?

A

Sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin mechanism

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11
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system of the GFR do?

A

It overrides intrinsic controls during emergency, and causes the vasoconstriction of arterioles via (nor)epinephrine

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12
Q

What does the renin-angiotensin mechanism of the GFR do?

A

It releases renin, which results in angiotensin II release

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13
Q

What does the release of angiotensin in the GFR do?

A

It’s a vasoconstrictor that aids in the reabsorption of sodium, stimulates the release of ADH & activates thirst, and decreases pertibular capillary pressure

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14
Q

What makes up the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism?

A

Macula densa cells

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15
Q

What is generally fully absorbed?

A

Glucose, amino acids, lactate, and uric acid

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16
Q

Where does reabsorption occur?

A

The nephron

17
Q

What should urine not contain?

A

Glucose, amino acids, lactate, and uric acid

18
Q

What are the two types of nephrons?

A

Cortical and juxtamedullary

19
Q

What are the features of cortical nephrons?

A

They make up most nephrons and they’re shorter + more winding and make up pertibular capillaries

20
Q

What are the features of juxtamedullary nephrons?

A

They’re longer + less winding, extend much further into medullar, vasa recta, and concentrated urine formation

21
Q

What is renal clearance?

A

The volume of plasma cleared of a substance in a minute

22
Q

Where does water leave the nephron?

A

The descending limb

23
Q

Where does salt leave the nephron?

A

The ascending limb

24
Q

Where is the vasa recta?

A

Near the nephron

25
Q

What process requires ATP?

A

Removing salt from the nephron

26
Q

Why is sodium important for the kidneys?

A

The kidneys need it to bond with chloride to form salt so it can be removed on the ascending limb

27
Q

What molecule does ADH affect and in what way?

A

ADH affects the reabsorption of water in collecting ducts

28
Q

What does the vasa recta do?

A

It preserves the osmotic gradient by removing water and solutes

29
Q

What part of the nephron is in charge of filtration?

A

The glomerulous

30
Q

What part of the nephron is in charge of absorbing glucose and amino acids?

A

The proximal convoluted tubule

31
Q

What does the proximal convoluted tubule do?

A

It absorbs glucose and amino acids

32
Q

What part of the nephron is in charge of sodium and calcium regulation?

A

The distal convoluted tubule

33
Q

What part of the nephron is in charge of reabsorbing water, sodium, urea, and hydrogen?

A

The collecting duct

34
Q

What is controlled by aldosterone?

A

The regulation of sodium

35
Q

What is controlled by ADH?

A

Urea reabsorption

36
Q

How do the ascending and descending tubules work?

A

The ascending lets salt out which means we can take water out through the descending

37
Q

What does the vasa recta do?

A

It maintains balance by its blood absorbing salt and water

38
Q

What does the osmolality of the medulla and cortex look like?

A

The middle is 1200, and the cortex is 300

39
Q

What does blood have to go through to pass through the nephron?

A

Aorta, renal artery, segmental artery, interlobular artery, arcurate artery, cortical radial artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent, pertibular capillaries/ vasa recta

High School Anatomy (36 decks)

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