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High School Anatomy > Digestive Test > Flashcards

Digestive Test Flashcards

1
Q

What organs are part of the alimentary canal?

A

The GI tract; mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.

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2
Q

What are the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus a part of?

A

The alimentary canal

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3
Q

What does the digestive system do?

A

It digests food and absorbs materials

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4
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

Chewing, mixing, churning, segmentation, etc

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5
Q

What is chewing, mixing, churning, and segmentation?

A

Mechanical digestion

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6
Q

What’s chemical digestion?

A

The breaking down of molecules with enzymes

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7
Q

What is the breaking down of molecules with enzymes?

A

Chemical digestion

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8
Q

What is the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion?

A

Mechanical is chewing and mixing, chemical is enzymes breaking stuff down

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9
Q

What is ingestion?

A

Taking in food

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10
Q

What is taking in food called?

A

Ingestion

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11
Q

What is propulsion?

A

Moving food through the digestive system

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12
Q

What is moving food through the digestive system called?

A

Propulsion

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13
Q

What is absorption?

A

When chemicals are absorbed across the wall of the lumen

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14
Q

What is it called when chemicals are absorbed across the wall of the lumen?

A

Absorption

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15
Q

What is defection?

A

The elimination of indigestible materials

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16
Q

What is the elimination of indigestible materials called?

A

Defection

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17
Q

What are the two main types of receptors in the GI tract?

A

Mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors

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18
Q

What is the mesentery?

A

It’s a double layer of peritoneum extending from the body wall

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19
Q

What’s a double layer of peritoneum extending from the body wall?

A

The mesentery

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20
Q

What does the mesentery do?

A

It connects to organs in the body cavity and routes nerves/vessels/lymphatics

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21
Q

What connects to organs in the body cavity?

A

The mesentery

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22
Q

What routes nerves/vessels/lymphatics?

A

The mesentery

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23
Q

What is splanchnic circulation?

A

Arteries that serve digestive organs

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24
Q

What are arteries that serve digestive organs a part of?

A

Splanchnic circulation

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25
Q

What are the four tunics of the alimentary canal?

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

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26
Q

What are the Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, & serosa a part of?

A

The tunics of the alimentary canal

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27
Q

What does the mucosa do?

A

It absorbs nutrients, protects against disease, and secretes mucus enzymes

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28
Q

What tunic absorbs nutrients, protects against disease, and secretes mucus enzymes?

A

The mucosa

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29
Q

What tunic is made up of simple columnar epithelial tissue?

A

Mucosa

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30
Q

What does the submucosa do?

A

It contains blood, nervous tissue, and lymph and it supplies blood to the GI wall

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31
Q

What contains blood, nervous tissue, and lymph and it supplies blood to the GI wall?

A

The submucosa

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32
Q

What does the muscularis do?

A

It controls sphincters, peristalsis, and segmentation

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33
Q

What controls sphincters, peristalsis, and segmentation?

A

The muscularis

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34
Q

What is the serosa?

A

The outer alimentary tunic

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35
Q

What tunic is made up of connective loose tissue and some elastic?

A

The submucosa

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36
Q

What is the submucosa made up of?

A

Loose connective tissue and some elastic

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37
Q

What is the muscularis made up of?

A

Circular on the inner layer and longitudinal on the outer layer

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38
Q

What tunic is made up of a circular inner layer and a longitudinal outer layer?

A

The muscularis

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39
Q

What tunic is made up of visceral peritoneum and loose areolar with a simple squamous surface?

A

The serosa

40
Q

What makes up the serosa?

A

Visceral peritoneum and loose areolar with a simple squamous surface

41
Q

What is the enteric nervous system?

A

A semiautomatic part of the nervous system that’s controlled by the sympathetic and parasympathetic

42
Q

What is controlled by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic?

A

The enteric nervous system

43
Q

What regulates activity of glands and smooth muscle in the mucosa?

A

The enteric nervous system

44
Q

What does the enteric nervous system do?

A

It regulates activity of glands and smooth muscle in the muscosa

45
Q

What does saliva do?

A

It dissolves food chemicals for tasting, moistens food to compact into balls, and contains chemical digestion enzymes

46
Q

How long is the esophagus?

A

25 cm

47
Q

What’s a special feature of the esophagus?

A

It’s collapsed when inactive

48
Q

Where does the esophagus end?

A

When it joins the stomach at the cardiac oriface/cardiac sphincter

49
Q

How big is the stomach?

A

It’s 6-10 inches long and 50 ml when empty + 2 L when full

50
Q

What is a part of the stomach?

A

Rugae

51
Q

What are the three regions of the stomach?

A

Cardiac, fundus, and pyloric

52
Q

What are cardiac, fundus, and pyloric names for?

A

They’re the three regions of the stomach

53
Q

What does the stomach do?

A

It continues the work of the oral cavity by digesting food with enzymes and delivering chyme to the small intestine

54
Q

What delivers chyme to the small intestine?

A

The stomach

55
Q

How doesn’t the stomach digest itself?

A

The mucosal barrier

56
Q

What are the three phases of gastric secretion?

A

Cephalic, gastric, and intestinal

57
Q

What do cephalic, gastric, and intestinal mean?

A

They’re the three phases of gastric secretion

58
Q

Describe the cephalic phase

A

It’s a conditioned reflex that’s triggered by thought and smell that happens before the food even enters the stomach

59
Q

Whats an example of a conditioned reflex?

A

The cephalic phase

60
Q

Describe the gastric phase

A

It takes 3-4 hours and involves digestive juices

61
Q

Which phase is especially involved with digestive juices?

A

The gastric phase

62
Q

What happens during the intestinal phase?

A

A surge followed by “gastric breaks”

63
Q

How big is the small intestine?

A

2-4 meters long, 2.5-4 centimeters in diameter

64
Q

What is responsible for virtually all absorption?

A

The small intestine

65
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum, jejenum, and ilium

66
Q

What happens in the duodenum?

A

Accessory organs give their contents to the duodenum

67
Q

What holds all the parts of the small intestine in place?

A

The mesentery

68
Q

Where are circular folds, villi, and microvilli more prominent?

A

In the proximal portion where absorption is greatest

69
Q

What do circular folds, villi, and microvilli do for the small intestine?

A

They increase surface area by 600 times

70
Q

Where are circular folds, villi, and microvilli located?

A

In the small intestine

71
Q

Where are goblet cells and peyers patches more prominent?

A

In the distal portion of the small intestine

72
Q

What does the liver do?

A

It produces bile

73
Q

What does bile do?

A

It emulsifies fat

74
Q

What produces bile?

A

The liver

75
Q

What are the parts of the hepatic triad?

A

Hepatic artery branch, hepatic portal, vein branch, and bile duct

76
Q

What do acinar cells do?

A

They make 1200-1500 milliliters of pancreatic juice a day

77
Q

What makes pancreatic juice?

A

Acinar cells

78
Q

Which alimentary juice is slightly basic?

A

Pancreatic juice

79
Q

What is in pancreatic juice?

A

Water, enzymes, and electrolytes

80
Q

What part activates pancreatic juice?

A

The duodenum

81
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

It makes pancreatic juice

82
Q

How big is the large intestine?

A

It’s 1.5 meters long and 7 centimeters in diameter

83
Q

What does the large intestine do?

A

It absorbs remaining water

84
Q

What are teniae coli?

A

3 bands of longitudinal muscle in the large intestine

85
Q

What are the 3 bands of longitudinal muscle in the large intestine called?

A

Teniae coli

86
Q

What are the haustra?

A

Pocket-like sacs in the large intestine

87
Q

What are the pocket-like sacs in the large intestine called?

A

Haustra

88
Q

What are epiploitic appendages?

A

Fatty visceral peritoneum hanging on the surface of the large intestine

89
Q

What are the features of the large intestine?

A

Teniae coli, haustra, epipiolic appendages, bacterial flora

90
Q

How many types of bacterial flora are there?

A

10 million

91
Q

What do bacterial flora do?

A

They metabolize host molecules, ferment indigestible carbs, synthesize B complex and vitamin K, and help the immune system

92
Q

What metabolizes host molecules and ferment indigestible carbs?

A

The bacterial flora

93
Q

What are the byproducts of bacterial flora?

A

Acid and up to 500 ml of gas a day

94
Q

What synthesizes B complex and vitamin K?

A

Bacterial flora

95
Q

What do bacterial flora synthesize?

A

B complex and vitamin K

96
Q

What part of the alimentary canal helps the immune system?

A

Bacterial flora in the large intestine

High School Anatomy (36 decks)

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