Blood Review Flashcards
What is blood?
A connective tissues
What is an appropriate blood pH?
7.35-7.45
How much blood is in an adult body?
4.7-5.5 liters
What’s the name to remember the relative abundance of different leukocytes?
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas
What’s the composition of blood?
Plasma 55%, Formed elements 45.5%, and Leukocytes
What percent of all blood is erythrocytes?
45%
What percent of all blood is plasma?
55%
What shape are red blood cells?
Donut-shaped
Why are red blood cells shaped like donuts?
To make it foldable and increase the surface area of the cell
What does hemoglobin require?
Iron
What does iron do in hemoglobin?
When hemoglobin is exposed to oxygen, oxygen binds to the iron and created oxyhemoglobin
What are erythrocytes?
Red blood cells
What are red blood cells?
Erythrocytes
What do erythrocytes do?
They transport oxygen from lungs to tissues, and carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs
What is unique about erythrocytes?
They have almost no organelles and they have no nucleus. Also, they can’t divide
What shape are erythrocytes?
They’re donut shaped
How many red blood cells are there in the body?
20-30 trillion red blood cells
What does erythropoietin do?
It decreases the number of red blood cells
What does hematapoesis do?
It forms blood cells in the red bone marrow
How and where are blood cells formed?
They’re formed via hematapoesis in the red bone marrow
What are the proteins in plasma?
Albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen
What does albumin do?
It helps maintain water balance
What does globulin do?
It helps transport and the immune system
What does fibrinogen do?
Helps blood clots form
What is erythropoesis?
The process that balances the production and destruction of red blood cells
What do stem cells do?
They can turn into almost any kind of blood cell
What happens do destroyed ethyrocytes?
The iron is salvaged and stored and the heme is degraded into bilirubin
Where does bilirubin come from and go?
It comes from the heme and is moved to the liver, where it’s secreted into the bile and feces
What does heme turn into and come from?
It comes from erythrocytes and is degraded into bilirubin
What causes anemia?
It’s an insufficient number of red blood cells and iron
What is a transfusion reaction?
It’s when the antibodies attack the antigen and cause agglutination
What are the different blood types?
A, B, AB, and O
What antigens and antibodies does blood type A have?
It has A antigens and B antibodies
What’s an antigen?
The protein
What’s an antibody?
The fighty thing
What’s a leukeocyte?
White blood cells
What percent of blood is made up by leukocytes?
Less than 1%
What is a white blood cell called?
A leukeocyte
What is diapedesis?
When leukocytes move out of the capillaries
What is positive chemotais?
When leukocytes move towards the capillaries
What is amoeboid movement?
The movement of leukocytes through tissues
What is the movement of leukocytes out of the capillaries called?
Diapedesis
What is the movement of leukocytes towards capillaries called?
Positive chemotais
What is the movement of leukocytes through tissues called?
Amoeboid movement
What is an intrinsic clotting factor?
A clotting trigger present in the blood
What is a clotting factor present in the blood called?
An intrinsic factor
What is an extrinsic clotting factor?
A clotting trigger present in the tissues
What is the clotting factor that’s present in tissues called?
An extrinsic factor
How is an intrinsic clotting factor activated?
Via intermediate steps/ chain reaction
How is an extrinsic clotting factor activated?
When blood is exposed to the tissue
Which one is faster, intrinsic or extrinsic?
Extrinsic is faster
What are the three steps of hemostasis?
Blood vessel constriction, platelet plugs, and blood clotting
What is hemostasis?
The stopping of blood loss
What is the stopping of blood loss called?
Hemostasis
What are platelets?
Minute cell fragments
What are minute cell fragments in the blood called?
Platelets
What prevents blood loss?
Platelets
What do platelets do?
They prevent blood loss
How do platelets do their job?
They prevent blood loss via platelets plugs and clot formation
What term refers to all cells and cell pieces in the blood?
Formed elements
What are formed elements?
All the cells and cell pieces in the blood
What happens to your red blood cell count when you go to a place with a high elevation?
Your RBC count increases
What’s one example of the blood maintaining homeostasis?
When you go to a place with a high altitude, your red blood cell count increases to help oxygen transport
What disorders are related to platelets and clot formation?
Thromboembolic disorders, thrombocytopenia, and hemophilia
What is thrombocytopenia?
A disorder caused by deficient platelet count
What are some different RBC disorders?
Anemia and polychemia
What is hemoglobin?
A protein in RBCs with a chain-like structure
What are the different types of lukeocytes?
Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
