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High School Anatomy > Blood Review > Flashcards

Blood Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is blood?

A

A connective tissues

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2
Q

What is an appropriate blood pH?

A

7.35-7.45

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3
Q

How much blood is in an adult body?

A

4.7-5.5 liters

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4
Q

What’s the name to remember the relative abundance of different leukocytes?

A

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

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5
Q

What’s the composition of blood?

A

Plasma 55%, Formed elements 45.5%, and Leukocytes

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6
Q

What percent of all blood is erythrocytes?

A

45%

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7
Q

What percent of all blood is plasma?

A

55%

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8
Q

What shape are red blood cells?

A

Donut-shaped

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9
Q

Why are red blood cells shaped like donuts?

A

To make it foldable and increase the surface area of the cell

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10
Q

What does hemoglobin require?

A

Iron

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11
Q

What does iron do in hemoglobin?

A

When hemoglobin is exposed to oxygen, oxygen binds to the iron and created oxyhemoglobin

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12
Q

What are erythrocytes?

A

Red blood cells

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13
Q

What are red blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes

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14
Q

What do erythrocytes do?

A

They transport oxygen from lungs to tissues, and carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs

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15
Q

What is unique about erythrocytes?

A

They have almost no organelles and they have no nucleus. Also, they can’t divide

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16
Q

What shape are erythrocytes?

A

They’re donut shaped

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17
Q

How many red blood cells are there in the body?

A

20-30 trillion red blood cells

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18
Q

What does erythropoietin do?

A

It decreases the number of red blood cells

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19
Q

What does hematapoesis do?

A

It forms blood cells in the red bone marrow

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20
Q

How and where are blood cells formed?

A

They’re formed via hematapoesis in the red bone marrow

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21
Q

What are the proteins in plasma?

A

Albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen

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22
Q

What does albumin do?

A

It helps maintain water balance

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23
Q

What does globulin do?

A

It helps transport and the immune system

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24
Q

What does fibrinogen do?

A

Helps blood clots form

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25
Q

What is erythropoesis?

A

The process that balances the production and destruction of red blood cells

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26
Q

What do stem cells do?

A

They can turn into almost any kind of blood cell

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27
Q

What happens do destroyed ethyrocytes?

A

The iron is salvaged and stored and the heme is degraded into bilirubin

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28
Q

Where does bilirubin come from and go?

A

It comes from the heme and is moved to the liver, where it’s secreted into the bile and feces

29
Q

What does heme turn into and come from?

A

It comes from erythrocytes and is degraded into bilirubin

30
Q

What causes anemia?

A

It’s an insufficient number of red blood cells and iron

31
Q

What is a transfusion reaction?

A

It’s when the antibodies attack the antigen and cause agglutination

32
Q

What are the different blood types?

A

A, B, AB, and O

33
Q

What antigens and antibodies does blood type A have?

A

It has A antigens and B antibodies

34
Q

What’s an antigen?

A

The protein

35
Q

What’s an antibody?

A

The fighty thing

36
Q

What’s a leukeocyte?

A

White blood cells

37
Q

What percent of blood is made up by leukocytes?

A

Less than 1%

38
Q

What is a white blood cell called?

A

A leukeocyte

39
Q

What is diapedesis?

A

When leukocytes move out of the capillaries

40
Q

What is positive chemotais?

A

When leukocytes move towards the capillaries

41
Q

What is amoeboid movement?

A

The movement of leukocytes through tissues

42
Q

What is the movement of leukocytes out of the capillaries called?

A

Diapedesis

43
Q

What is the movement of leukocytes towards capillaries called?

A

Positive chemotais

44
Q

What is the movement of leukocytes through tissues called?

A

Amoeboid movement

45
Q

What is an intrinsic clotting factor?

A

A clotting trigger present in the blood

46
Q

What is a clotting factor present in the blood called?

A

An intrinsic factor

47
Q

What is an extrinsic clotting factor?

A

A clotting trigger present in the tissues

48
Q

What is the clotting factor that’s present in tissues called?

A

An extrinsic factor

49
Q

How is an intrinsic clotting factor activated?

A

Via intermediate steps/ chain reaction

50
Q

How is an extrinsic clotting factor activated?

A

When blood is exposed to the tissue

51
Q

Which one is faster, intrinsic or extrinsic?

A

Extrinsic is faster

52
Q

What are the three steps of hemostasis?

A

Blood vessel constriction, platelet plugs, and blood clotting

53
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

The stopping of blood loss

54
Q

What is the stopping of blood loss called?

A

Hemostasis

55
Q

What are platelets?

A

Minute cell fragments

56
Q

What are minute cell fragments in the blood called?

A

Platelets

57
Q

What prevents blood loss?

A

Platelets

58
Q

What do platelets do?

A

They prevent blood loss

59
Q

How do platelets do their job?

A

They prevent blood loss via platelets plugs and clot formation

60
Q

What term refers to all cells and cell pieces in the blood?

A

Formed elements

61
Q

What are formed elements?

A

All the cells and cell pieces in the blood

62
Q

What happens to your red blood cell count when you go to a place with a high elevation?

A

Your RBC count increases

63
Q

What’s one example of the blood maintaining homeostasis?

A

When you go to a place with a high altitude, your red blood cell count increases to help oxygen transport

64
Q

What disorders are related to platelets and clot formation?

A

Thromboembolic disorders, thrombocytopenia, and hemophilia

65
Q

What is thrombocytopenia?

A

A disorder caused by deficient platelet count

66
Q

What are some different RBC disorders?

A

Anemia and polychemia

67
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

A protein in RBCs with a chain-like structure

68
Q

What are the different types of lukeocytes?

A

Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils

High School Anatomy (36 decks)

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