Endocrine Study Guide Flashcards
What does the endocrine system do?
It regulates long term processes
What are the two hormone groups?
Amino acid derivatives and steroid based
What receptor type do amino acids have?
Membrane
What receptor type do steroids have?
Intracellular
What are the hypothalamus’s hormones and what organ do they effect?
TRH and pituitary, GnRH and pituitary, Oxytocin and uterine wall, ADH and kidneys + blood vessels
What are the anterior pituitary hormones and what organ do they effect?
TSH and thyroid + gonad, GH and muscles + bone, PRL and gonads, ACTH and adrenal cortex, LH and genitals, FSH and genitals
What are the posterior pituitary hormones and what organ do they effect?
Oxytocin and anterior lobe, and ADH and anterior lobe
What are the thyroid hormones and what organ do they effect?
T3/T4 and goiters/ most organs, and Calcitonin and kidneys/blood/bone
What are the hypothalamus hormones?
TRH, GnRH, Oxytocin, and ADH
What are the anterior pituitary hormones?
TSH, GH, PRL, ACTH, LH, and FSH
What is the parathyroid gland hormone and what does it affect?
Parathyroid hormone and blood + bone
What are the adrenal cortex hormones and what organ do they effect?
Aldosterone and kidneys, cortisol and liver, and androgens and reproductive organs + adipose
What are the adrenal cortex hormones and what organ do they effect?
E and NE affect many cells
What are the pineal gland hormones and what organ do they effect?
Melatonin and most cells
What are the posterior pituitary hormones?
Oxytocin and ADH
What are the thyroid hormones?
T3 + T4 and calcitonin
What are the adrenal cortex hormones?
Aldosterone, cortisol, and androgens
What are the adrenal medulla hormones?
E and NE
What are the pineal gland hormones?
Melatonin
Where is the pituitary gland and what does it do_
It hangs inferior to the hypothalamus and it´s blood vessels link two capillary networks. Also, it releases 9 important AA hormones.
What does the hypothalamus do and where is it?
It’s in the brain and it integrates the nervous and endocrine systems. Secretes regulatory hormones.
Where are the thyroid capillaries and what do they do?
They’re around the thyroid follicles and thyroid hormones affect most cells. Essential for childhood growth.
What do the parathyroid glands do?
They control osteoclasts
What do the adrenal glands do and where are they?
They’re on top of the kidneys and they create steroid hormones
What does the pineal gland control?
Sleep and puberty
What causes pituitary dwarfism?
The underproduction of GH by the anterior pituitary
What causes giganticism?
The overproduction of GH by the anterior pituitary
What causes acromegaly?
The overproduction of GH by the anterior pituitary, often because of tumors
What causes Addison’s disease?
The underproduction of ACTH by the anterior pituitary
What causes Cushing’s disease?
The overproduction of ACTH by the anterior pituitary
What causes goiter?
The overproduction of T3 and T4 by the thyroid
What causes Grave’s disease?
The underproduction of T3 and T4 by the thyroid gland
What causes cretinism?
A congenital deficiency in T3 and T4 by the thyroid
What causes aldosteronism?
The overproduction of aldosterone by the adrenal glands
What causes hypothyroidism?
The underproduction of TRH by the pituitary gland
What causes hyperthyroidism?
The overproduction of TRH by the pituitary gland.
What causes diabetes mellitus?
The underproduction of insulin by the pancreatic islets
What causes diabetes insipidus?
The overproduction* of ADH by the hypothalamus
What does T3/T4 do?
It increases metabolism
What does calcitonin do?
It changes blood calcium concentration
What does PTH do?
It prevents osteoclasts from breaking down bone
What do mineralcorticoids do?
They regulate electrolyte concentration
What do glucocorticoids?
It affects glucose metabolism, and protein and fat
What do androgens do?
It causes the female sex drive and the development of sex organs
What do E and NE do?
They cause the fight or flight instinct/ adrenaline
What does melatonin do?
It determines when puberty happens and when you sleep
What does TRH do?
It causes TSH to be released
What does GnRH do?
It causes FSH and SH to be released
What does oxytocin do?
It helps with labor and the production of milk
What does ADH do?
It decreases urine formation, and is released when you’re dehydrated
What does TSH do?
It increases thyroid hormone production
What does GH do?
It causes muscle, bone, and adipose tissue growth and promotes protein synthesis
What does PRL do?
It increases lactin production and the sensitivity of the gonads to LH
What does ACTH do?
It helps you respond to stimuli, affects glucose metabolism, and alter aldosterone secretion
What does LH do?
It causes ovulation in females and androgen formation in males
What does FSH do?
It promotes the development of estrogen in females and sperm in males
What does insulin do?
It helps your body absorb sugar
What does glucagon do?
It causes your body to release glucose
