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High School Anatomy > Endocrine Study Guide > Flashcards

Endocrine Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

What does the endocrine system do?

A

It regulates long term processes

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2
Q

What are the two hormone groups?

A

Amino acid derivatives and steroid based

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3
Q

What receptor type do amino acids have?

A

Membrane

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4
Q

What receptor type do steroids have?

A

Intracellular

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5
Q

What are the hypothalamus’s hormones and what organ do they effect?

A

TRH and pituitary, GnRH and pituitary, Oxytocin and uterine wall, ADH and kidneys + blood vessels

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6
Q

What are the anterior pituitary hormones and what organ do they effect?

A

TSH and thyroid + gonad, GH and muscles + bone, PRL and gonads, ACTH and adrenal cortex, LH and genitals, FSH and genitals

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7
Q

What are the posterior pituitary hormones and what organ do they effect?

A

Oxytocin and anterior lobe, and ADH and anterior lobe

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8
Q

What are the thyroid hormones and what organ do they effect?

A

T3/T4 and goiters/ most organs, and Calcitonin and kidneys/blood/bone

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9
Q

What are the hypothalamus hormones?

A

TRH, GnRH, Oxytocin, and ADH

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10
Q

What are the anterior pituitary hormones?

A

TSH, GH, PRL, ACTH, LH, and FSH

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11
Q

What is the parathyroid gland hormone and what does it affect?

A

Parathyroid hormone and blood + bone

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12
Q

What are the adrenal cortex hormones and what organ do they effect?

A

Aldosterone and kidneys, cortisol and liver, and androgens and reproductive organs + adipose

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13
Q

What are the adrenal cortex hormones and what organ do they effect?

A

E and NE affect many cells

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14
Q

What are the pineal gland hormones and what organ do they effect?

A

Melatonin and most cells

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15
Q

What are the posterior pituitary hormones?

A

Oxytocin and ADH

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16
Q

What are the thyroid hormones?

A

T3 + T4 and calcitonin

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17
Q

What are the adrenal cortex hormones?

A

Aldosterone, cortisol, and androgens

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18
Q

What are the adrenal medulla hormones?

A

E and NE

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19
Q

What are the pineal gland hormones?

A

Melatonin

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20
Q

Where is the pituitary gland and what does it do_

A

It hangs inferior to the hypothalamus and it´s blood vessels link two capillary networks. Also, it releases 9 important AA hormones.

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21
Q

What does the hypothalamus do and where is it?

A

It’s in the brain and it integrates the nervous and endocrine systems. Secretes regulatory hormones.

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22
Q

Where are the thyroid capillaries and what do they do?

A

They’re around the thyroid follicles and thyroid hormones affect most cells. Essential for childhood growth.

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23
Q

What do the parathyroid glands do?

A

They control osteoclasts

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24
Q

What do the adrenal glands do and where are they?

A

They’re on top of the kidneys and they create steroid hormones

25
Q

What does the pineal gland control?

A

Sleep and puberty

26
Q

What causes pituitary dwarfism?

A

The underproduction of GH by the anterior pituitary

27
Q

What causes giganticism?

A

The overproduction of GH by the anterior pituitary

28
Q

What causes acromegaly?

A

The overproduction of GH by the anterior pituitary, often because of tumors

29
Q

What causes Addison’s disease?

A

The underproduction of ACTH by the anterior pituitary

30
Q

What causes Cushing’s disease?

A

The overproduction of ACTH by the anterior pituitary

31
Q

What causes goiter?

A

The overproduction of T3 and T4 by the thyroid

32
Q

What causes Grave’s disease?

A

The underproduction of T3 and T4 by the thyroid gland

33
Q

What causes cretinism?

A

A congenital deficiency in T3 and T4 by the thyroid

34
Q

What causes aldosteronism?

A

The overproduction of aldosterone by the adrenal glands

35
Q

What causes hypothyroidism?

A

The underproduction of TRH by the pituitary gland

36
Q

What causes hyperthyroidism?

A

The overproduction of TRH by the pituitary gland.

37
Q

What causes diabetes mellitus?

A

The underproduction of insulin by the pancreatic islets

38
Q

What causes diabetes insipidus?

A

The overproduction* of ADH by the hypothalamus

39
Q

What does T3/T4 do?

A

It increases metabolism

40
Q

What does calcitonin do?

A

It changes blood calcium concentration

41
Q

What does PTH do?

A

It prevents osteoclasts from breaking down bone

42
Q

What do mineralcorticoids do?

A

They regulate electrolyte concentration

43
Q

What do glucocorticoids?

A

It affects glucose metabolism, and protein and fat

44
Q

What do androgens do?

A

It causes the female sex drive and the development of sex organs

45
Q

What do E and NE do?

A

They cause the fight or flight instinct/ adrenaline

46
Q

What does melatonin do?

A

It determines when puberty happens and when you sleep

47
Q

What does TRH do?

A

It causes TSH to be released

48
Q

What does GnRH do?

A

It causes FSH and SH to be released

49
Q

What does oxytocin do?

A

It helps with labor and the production of milk

50
Q

What does ADH do?

A

It decreases urine formation, and is released when you’re dehydrated

51
Q

What does TSH do?

A

It increases thyroid hormone production

52
Q

What does GH do?

A

It causes muscle, bone, and adipose tissue growth and promotes protein synthesis

53
Q

What does PRL do?

A

It increases lactin production and the sensitivity of the gonads to LH

54
Q

What does ACTH do?

A

It helps you respond to stimuli, affects glucose metabolism, and alter aldosterone secretion

55
Q

What does LH do?

A

It causes ovulation in females and androgen formation in males

56
Q

What does FSH do?

A

It promotes the development of estrogen in females and sperm in males

57
Q

What does insulin do?

A

It helps your body absorb sugar

58
Q

What does glucagon do?

A

It causes your body to release glucose

High School Anatomy (36 decks)

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