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High School Anatomy > Heart Test > Flashcards

Heart Test Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the heart?

A

Route blood, generate blood pressure, ensure one way blood flow, and regulate blood supply

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2
Q

How does blood flow?

A

Vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, bicuspid, left ventricle, aortic semilunar, aorta

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3
Q

What is the pulmonary circuit?

A

Heart to lungs

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4
Q

What is the systemic circuit?

A

Heart to the rest of the body

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5
Q

Which circuit pumps blood from the heart to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary

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6
Q

What are the two types of circuits?

A

Pulmonary and systemic

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7
Q

What ions are involved in action potentials of the heart?

A

Na+, Ca+2, and K+

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8
Q

What new ion is involved in cardia action potentials?

A

Calcium

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9
Q

What are the three phases of cardiac action potentials?

A

Depolarization, plateau, and repolarization

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10
Q

Which channel is open during the depolarization phase?

A

Na+

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11
Q

What channel is open in the plateau phase?

A

Ca+2

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12
Q

What channel is open in the repolarization phase?

A

K+

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13
Q

What is the path of an action potential through the heart?

A

SA node, AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches, purkinji fibers

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14
Q

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

A

The SA node

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15
Q

What does an EKG measure?

A

Action potentials in the heart

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16
Q

What is the cardiac cycle?

A

The process of the heart contracting

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17
Q

What is atrial systole?

A

Contraction of the atria

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18
Q

What is atrial diastole?

A

The relaxation of the atria

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19
Q

What is ventricular systole?

A

The contraction of ventricles

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20
Q

What is ventricular diastole?

A

The relaxation of ventricles

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21
Q

What are the two types of systole/diastole?

A

Atrial and ventricular

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22
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

The volume of blood pumped per ventricle with each heart contraction

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23
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

The volume of blood pumped by either ventricle each minute

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24
Q

What is heart rate?

A

The number of contractions per minute

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25
Q

What can influence heart rate regulation?

A

Emotional and physical stressors, hormones, and ions

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26
Q

What are some different homeostatic imbalances that can affect cardiac output?

A

Coronary artheroscler, multiple MI, and displayed cardiomyopathy

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27
Q

What does an artery do?

A

Carries blood away from the heart

28
Q

What does a vein do?

A

Carry blood to the heart

29
Q

What are the tunics of vessels?

A

Tunica intima, media, and externa

30
Q

What does tunica intima have?

A

Squamous tissue

31
Q

What makes up tunica media?

A

Smooth muscle

32
Q

What does tunica externa have?

A

Colleges fibers

33
Q

What does vascular anastomoses mean?

A

Vessels coming together

34
Q

What does tissue perfusion describe?

A

The blood flowing to organs

35
Q

What are the different kinds of circulatory shock?

A

Hypovolemic, vascular, and carcinogenic

36
Q

What are the types of vascular circulatory shock?

A

Anaphylactic, neurogenic, and septic

37
Q

What does the top BP number represent?

38
Q

What does the bottom BP number represent?

39
Q

What is the normal blood pressure?

40
Q

What happens when the bicuspid valve is open?

A

The aortic semilunar valve is closed, tension on chordae tendonae is low, and blood flows from LA to LV

41
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A

Right and left atriums, right and left ventricles

42
Q

What are the four valves of the heart?

A

Tricuspid, bicuspid, pulmonary semilunar, and aortic semilunar

43
Q

How big is the heart?

A

Slightly larger than a closed fist and less than a pound

44
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

In the mediastinum between the 2nd and 5th intercostal spaces

45
Q

What is the orientation of the heart?

A

The apex is inferior and the heart as a whole is situated left and anterior

46
Q

What are the characteristics of cardiac muscle?

A

Striated, branched, uni-nucleated, and involuntary

47
Q

Why does cardiac muscle have gap junctions?

A

To reduce electrical resistance between cells, allow action potentials to pass easily, and allow nearly unison contraction of cells

48
Q

What reduces electrical resistance between cells?

A

Gap junctions

49
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

The double-layered closed sac around the heart

50
Q

What is the double-layered closed sac surrounding the heart called?

A

The pericardium

51
Q

What is the parietal pericardium?

A

The outside layer

52
Q

What is the outside layer of the coverings of the heart called?

A

Parietal pericardium

53
Q

What does the visceral pericardium do?

A

It covers the heart’s surface

54
Q

What covers the hearts surface?

A

Visceral pericardium

55
Q

What are the two layers of the pericardium?

A

Parietal and visceral

56
Q

What are the three layers of the heart?

A

Epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium

57
Q

What is the epicardium?

A

It’s the membrane forming the outer surface of the heart

58
Q

What is the epicardium made out of?

A

Simple squamous over fat and connective tissues

59
Q

What is the myocardium?

A

The thick middle layer of the heart

60
Q

What is the endocardium?

A

The inner layer of the heart

61
Q

What allows the heart to contract?

A

The myocardium

62
Q

Describe the myocardium

A

It’s the thick middle layer of the heart that allows the heart to contract

63
Q

Describe the endocardium

A

It’s the inner surface of the heart chambers

64
Q

What’s the inner surface of the heart chambers?

A

The endocardium

65
Q

What allows blood to flow easily in the heart?

A

The endocardium

66
Q

What does the endocardium do?

A

It allows blood to flow easily through the heart and covers the inner surface of the heart chambers

67
Q

What is the relationship between blood flow and resistance?

A

Resistance opposes blood flow and causes friction

High School Anatomy (36 decks)

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