Brain Test Review Flashcards
Define contra
Across/ opposite
Define lateral
Of, toward, or from the side(s)
Define gyri
The bumps
Define sulci
The ridges
Define fissure
A deep ridge
What are the characteristics of the cerebral cortex?
It’s in charge of the conscious mind, it has grey matter on the surface, the convolutions triple the surface area, it’s 2-4mm thick, and it makes up 40% of brain mass
What is contralateral function?
The right hemisphere controls the left side of the body, and vice versa
Describe the similarities and differences between the two hemispheres of the brain
The hemispheres are identical in structure, but not in function
What parts of the cerebral cortex are involved in actions?
All parts of the cerebral cortex are involved in actions in some way
What is a characteristic of white matter?
It’s myelinated
What parts of the brain are myelinated?
The white matter
What makes up grey matter?
Cell bodies and dendrites
What do cell bodies and dendrites make up?
The grey matter
What do the ventricles of the brain contain?
CSF
What are the three ventricles of the brain?
Lateral, third, and fourth
What are the three structures that make up the diencephalon?
The thalamus, the hypothalamus, and the epithalamus
What do the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus make up?
The diencephalon
What are the three meningeal layers that protect the brain?
The dura, arachnoid, and pia
What is a homunculus?
A map of the brain that shows the different brain sections and their corresponding body parts
What are the three parts of multimodal association?
Anterior association, posterior association, and limbic association
Describe anterior association
It’s located in the prefrontal cortex and it’s responsible for intellect, cognition, recall, and personality
What is the posterior association in charge of?
It recognizes patterns and faces, it localizes us in space, it binds sensory inputs into coherent whole, and it controls language
What is limbic association in charge of?
It controls emotional impact, your sense of danger, and your memory to remember them
What is the left brain usually in charge of?
Language, math, and logic
What is the right brain usually in charge of?
Insight, visual-spacial skills, intuition, and artistic skills
What side of the brain is responsible for language? What side is responsible for body language?
The left side of the brain is responsible for language, and the right side is in charge of body language
What are some examples of homeostatic imbalances in the brain? *
Traumatic brain injury, cerebrovascular accidents, and degenerative brain disorders
In the spinal cord, what type of matter is superficial?
In the spinal cord, white matter is superficial to grey matter
How long and wide is the spinal cord? Where does it end?
The spinal cord is about 18 inches long and 1/2 an inch wide, and it ends between L1 and L2
Where is the Broca’s area?
In the cortex of the dominant frontal lobe
What does the Broca’s area do?
It controls the production of words and speech
Are there any other names for the Broca’s area?
No
What disorders are common in the Broca’s area?
Damage to this area causes Broca’s aphasia
What is a surprising fact about the Broca’s area?
The exact role of the Broca’s area was unknown for 150 years
What is the arbor vitae?
The white matter of the cerebellum
What is the thalamus?
The large area under the corpus callosum
What is the lateral ventricle?
The space for fluid near the corpus callosum
What us the olfactory bulb?
Nerves for smell, located under the frontal lobe
What is the optic chiasma?
The area shaped like an X
What is the area shaped like an X called?
The optic chiasma
Where is the midbrain?
Above the pons
Where is the hypothalamus?
Below the corpus callosum and above the optic chiasm
What is the cerebrum divided into?
2 hemispheres
