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High School Anatomy > Urinary system > Flashcards

Urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

Define vasodilation

A

The enlargement of blood vessel diameter

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2
Q

Define vasoconstriction

A

The decreasing of blood vessel diameter

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3
Q

What is the enlargement of blood vessel diameter called?

A

Vasodilation

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4
Q

Define diffusion

A

The movement of molecules from high to low concentration

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5
Q

What is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration called?

A

Diffusion

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6
Q

What is the diffusion of water called?

A

Osmosis

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7
Q

Define osmosis

A

The diffusion of water

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8
Q

What are the components of the urinary system?

A

2 kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

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9
Q

How much filtrate do kidneys produce on a daily basis?

A

180 L

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10
Q

What makes up urine?

A

Water, ions, metabolic waste, toxins

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11
Q

What are the three steps of the urinary system?

A

Filtration, reabsorption, secretion

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12
Q

What is the renal cortex?

A

The outer portion of the kidney that contains the majority of nephrons

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13
Q

What contains the majority of nephrons in the kidney?

A

The renal cortex

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14
Q

What is the outer portion of the kidney called?

A

The renal cortex

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15
Q

What is the renal medulla?

A

It’s the inner portion of the kidney that has pyramids and surrounding tissues

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16
Q

What are the pyramids of the kidney?

A

They’re part of the renal medulla and made up of parallel bundles of tubes and capillaries

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17
Q

What’s made up of parallel bundles of tubes and capillaries?

A

Pyramids of the kidney

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18
Q

What is the interior portion of the kidney called?

A

Renal medulla

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19
Q

What makes up a lobe of the kidney?

A

The pyramid and its’ surrounding cortical tissue

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20
Q

What are the two types of renal calyces?

A

Minor and major

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21
Q

What is the renal pelvis?

A

A funnel-shaped confluence of calyces going towards the ureter

22
Q

Where does the renal pelvis of the kidney go to and what shape is it?

A

It’s funnel-shaped towards the ureter

23
Q

What makes up the renal pelvis?

A

A confluence of calyces

24
Q

What’s the name for the funnel-shaped confluence of calyces going towards the ureter?

A

The renal pelvis

25
Q

How many nephrons are there in one kidney?

A

Over a million

26
Q

What contains over a million nephrons?

A

A kidney

27
Q

What are the three tubules?

A

Proximal convoluted, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted

28
Q

Where do nephrons/ tubules empty in?

A

A collecting duct that forms a filtrate that’s further modified into urine

29
Q

What are the two types of nephrons?

A

Cortical and juxtamedullary

30
Q

What are juxtameduallary and cortical types of?

A

They’re the two types of nephrons

31
Q

What makes up 85% of nephrons?

A

Cortical

32
Q

Describe cortical nephrons

A

They’re shorter, more winding, and found in pertibullar capillaries

33
Q

What type of nephron is shorter and more winding?

A

Cortical

34
Q

What type of nephron is longer and less winding?

A

Juxtamedullary

35
Q

What does the juxtamedullary nephron do?

A

It makes concentrated urine

36
Q

What forms concentrated urine?

A

Juxtamedullary nephrons

37
Q

Describe juxtamedullary nephrons

A

They’re longer, less winding, and extend much further into the medulla

38
Q

Juxtamedullary or cortical: which extends much further into the medulla?

A

Juxtamedullary nephrons

39
Q

What type of nephron has to do with the vasa texts?

A

Juxtamedullary

40
Q

What feature of the kidney has a large surface area?

A

The filtration membrane

41
Q

What is one thousand times more permeable than other capillary beds?

A

The filtration membrane

42
Q

Describe the filtration membrane

A

It’s one thousand times more permeable to water/dilutes than other capillary beds

43
Q

What are the two sections of the filtration membrane?

A

Fenestrated capillary and basement membrane

44
Q

Describe the fenestrated capillary

A

A part of the filtration membrane that’s holey so many materials can leak out

45
Q

Which part of the filtration membrane is holey so many materials can leak out?

A

The fenestrated capillary

46
Q

What does the basement membrane do?

A

It’s part of the filtration membrane that holds back most proteins

47
Q

What keeps proteins from getting into the urine?

A

The negative charge of the basement membrane

48
Q

What are podocytes?

A

The visceral layer of glomular capsules that have filtration slits

49
Q

What has filtration slits?

A

Podocytes

50
Q

Name a layer of the glomular capsule

A

The visceral layer = podocytes

High School Anatomy (36 decks)

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