Urinary system Flashcards
Define vasodilation
The enlargement of blood vessel diameter
Define vasoconstriction
The decreasing of blood vessel diameter
What is the enlargement of blood vessel diameter called?
Vasodilation
Define diffusion
The movement of molecules from high to low concentration
What is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration called?
Diffusion
What is the diffusion of water called?
Osmosis
Define osmosis
The diffusion of water
What are the components of the urinary system?
2 kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
How much filtrate do kidneys produce on a daily basis?
180 L
What makes up urine?
Water, ions, metabolic waste, toxins
What are the three steps of the urinary system?
Filtration, reabsorption, secretion
What is the renal cortex?
The outer portion of the kidney that contains the majority of nephrons
What contains the majority of nephrons in the kidney?
The renal cortex
What is the outer portion of the kidney called?
The renal cortex
What is the renal medulla?
It’s the inner portion of the kidney that has pyramids and surrounding tissues
What are the pyramids of the kidney?
They’re part of the renal medulla and made up of parallel bundles of tubes and capillaries
What’s made up of parallel bundles of tubes and capillaries?
Pyramids of the kidney
What is the interior portion of the kidney called?
Renal medulla
What makes up a lobe of the kidney?
The pyramid and its’ surrounding cortical tissue
What are the two types of renal calyces?
Minor and major
What is the renal pelvis?
A funnel-shaped confluence of calyces going towards the ureter
Where does the renal pelvis of the kidney go to and what shape is it?
It’s funnel-shaped towards the ureter
What makes up the renal pelvis?
A confluence of calyces
What’s the name for the funnel-shaped confluence of calyces going towards the ureter?
The renal pelvis
How many nephrons are there in one kidney?
Over a million
What contains over a million nephrons?
A kidney
What are the three tubules?
Proximal convoluted, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted
Where do nephrons/ tubules empty in?
A collecting duct that forms a filtrate that’s further modified into urine
What are the two types of nephrons?
Cortical and juxtamedullary
What are juxtameduallary and cortical types of?
They’re the two types of nephrons
What makes up 85% of nephrons?
Cortical
Describe cortical nephrons
They’re shorter, more winding, and found in pertibullar capillaries
What type of nephron is shorter and more winding?
Cortical
What type of nephron is longer and less winding?
Juxtamedullary
What does the juxtamedullary nephron do?
It makes concentrated urine
What forms concentrated urine?
Juxtamedullary nephrons
Describe juxtamedullary nephrons
They’re longer, less winding, and extend much further into the medulla
Juxtamedullary or cortical: which extends much further into the medulla?
Juxtamedullary nephrons
What type of nephron has to do with the vasa texts?
Juxtamedullary
What feature of the kidney has a large surface area?
The filtration membrane
What is one thousand times more permeable than other capillary beds?
The filtration membrane
Describe the filtration membrane
It’s one thousand times more permeable to water/dilutes than other capillary beds
What are the two sections of the filtration membrane?
Fenestrated capillary and basement membrane
Describe the fenestrated capillary
A part of the filtration membrane that’s holey so many materials can leak out
Which part of the filtration membrane is holey so many materials can leak out?
The fenestrated capillary
What does the basement membrane do?
It’s part of the filtration membrane that holds back most proteins
What keeps proteins from getting into the urine?
The negative charge of the basement membrane
What are podocytes?
The visceral layer of glomular capsules that have filtration slits
What has filtration slits?
Podocytes
Name a layer of the glomular capsule
The visceral layer = podocytes
