Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

High School Anatomy > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two groups of the digestive system?

A

Alimentary and accessory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What group of the digestive system digests food and absorbs materials?

A

The alimentary controls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What organs are in the alimentary group?

A

The GI tract, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, large intestines, and anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What group of organs is technically outside the body?

A

The alimentary control organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What organs are accessory?

A

Teeth, tongue, gallbladder, liver, pancreas, and salivary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is ingestion?

A

Taking in good

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is propulsion?

A

Moving food through the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens after you swallow?

A

Peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

The involuntary mechanism that’s triggered when you begin to swallow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the processes of mechanical digestion?

A

Chewing, mixing, churning, and segmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are chewing, mixing, churning, and segmentation a part of?

A

Mechanical digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

The breaking down of molecules using enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is absorption?

A

When chemicals are absorbed across the wall of lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is defecation?

A

The elimination of indigestible materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe digestive control

A

The careful control of something technically outside the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What responds to stimuli?

A

The sensors in the walls of tract organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do sensors in the walls of tract organs do?

A

They respond to stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the two types of receptors in the walls of tract organs?

A

Mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do sensors in the walls of tract organs control?

A

Stretching, osmolarity, pH, presence of substrates, and the end products of digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What’s in charge of stretching, osmolarity, pH, presence of substrates, and the end products of digestion?

A

Sensors in the walls of tract organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What can activate or inhibit glands?

A

Sensors in the walls of tract organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What allows digestive juices to flow into the intestines, and hormones to go into the blood?

A

Sensors in the walls of tract organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is intrinsic control?

A

Nerve plexuses, short reflexes, and long reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are short reflexes?

A

Intrinsic control of the local area/gut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are long reflexes?

A

CNS enters/ extrinsic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What releases hormones?

A

Stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where are hormones released?

A

Into interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What can hormones affect?

A

The same or different digestive organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What actions do hormones control?

A

Secretion and contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What controls secretion and contraction?

A

Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What covers most digestive organs?

A

Visceral peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What does visceral peritoneum cover?

A

Most digestive organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What lies in between the two parts of the peritoneum?

A

The peritoneal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Where is the peritoneal cavity located?

A

Between the visceral and parietal peritoneums

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What fills the peritoneal cavity?

A

Serous fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What does serous fluid fill?

A

The peritoneal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What does serous fluid do?

A

It allows organs to move without damaging each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What allows organs to move without damaging each other?

A

Serous fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the mesentery?

A

The double layer of peritoneum extending from the body wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the the double layer of peritoneum extending from the body wall called?

A

The mesentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What connects to the organs in the body cavity?

A

The mesentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What does the mesentery connect to?

A

It connects to organs in the body cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What does the mesentery function as?

A

A route for nerves, vessels, and lymphatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What functions as a route for nerves, vessels, and lymphatics?

A

The mesentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is the omenta?

A

The mesentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What’s another name for the mesentery?

A

The omenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is the mesentery/omenta also called?

A

A ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What are all the names for the mesentery?

A

Omenta and ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What’s another location for the mesentery?

A

Retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What adheres to the abdominal wall posterior to the peritoneum?

A

The retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What are the two locations for the mesentery?

A

Peritoneal and retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What are retroperitoneal and peritoneal locations for?

A

The mesentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is the retroperitoneal attached to?

A

Parts of the pancreas and large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What’s attached to parts of the pancreas and large intestine?

A

The retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What is splanchnic circulation?

A

Arteries that serve digestive organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What are arteries that serve digestive organs a part of?

A

Splanchnic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What is another name for splanchnic circulation?

A

Hepatic portal circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What is hepatic portal circulation?

A

Splanchnic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What makes up 1/4 of all cardiac output?

A

Splanchnic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What are the four tunica of the alimentary canal?

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What are the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa?

A

They’re the 4 tunics of the alimentary canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What is the innermost layer of the alimentary canal?

A

The mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What does the mucosa secrete?

A

It secretes mucus enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

What secretes mucus enzymes?

A

The mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

What does the mucosa absorb?

A

Nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

What absorbs nutrients?

A

The mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

What protects against disease?

A

The mucosa

68
Q

What does the mucosa protect against?

A

Disease

69
Q

What type of tissue is the mucosa?

A

Simple columnar epithelial

70
Q

What layer of the alimentary canal is made up of simple columnar epithelial cells?

A

The mucosa

71
Q

What makes up the submucosa?

A

Loose connective tissue

72
Q

What layer of the alimentary canal is made up of loose connective tissue cells?

A

The submucosa

73
Q

What does the submucosa help transport?

A

Blood, nervous tissue, and lymph

74
Q

What helps transport blood, nervous tissue, and lymph in the alimentary canal?

A

The submucosa

75
Q

What helps supply blood to the GI wall?

A

The submucosa

76
Q

The submucosa supplies ____ to ____

A

The submucosa supplies blood to the GI wall

77
Q

Which of the four layers is partially made up of elastic tissue?

A

The submucosa

78
Q

What layer is circular on the interior and longitudinal on the external

A

The muscularis externa

79
Q

What pattern are the muscularis externa cells in?

A

The inner cells are circular and the outer are longitudinal

80
Q

What makes up the sphincters?

A

The muscularis externa

81
Q

What does the muscularis externa make up?

A

The sphincters

82
Q

What is the muscularis externa in charge of?

A

Peristalsis and segmentation

83
Q

What layer is in charge of peristalsis and segmentation?

A

The muscularis externa

84
Q

What layer is made up of the visceral peritoneum?

A

The serosa

85
Q

What makes up the serosa?

A

Visceral peritoneum

86
Q

What type of cells makes up the serosa?

A

Loose areolar tissues with a simple squamous surface

87
Q

What layer is made up of loose areolar and simple squamous tissues?

A

The serosa

88
Q

What describes the autonomy of the digestive system?

A

Semiautonomatic

89
Q

What does the automatic nervous system control in the digestive system?

A

It regulates activity of glands and smooth muscle in the mucosa

90
Q

What regulars the activity of glands and smooth muscle in the mucosa?

A

The automatic nervous system

91
Q

What controls the digestive system?

A

Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

92
Q

What does the hard palate do?

A

It allows you to roll up food and swallow it

93
Q

What types of muscles does the tongue have?

A

Both intrinsic and extrinsic muscles

94
Q

Where are the taste buds located?

A

In the papillae

95
Q

What does the saliva do?

A

It cleans the mouth, allows taste, moistens food to swallow, and contains enzymes for chemical digestion

96
Q

What contains enzymes for chemical digestion?

A

Saliva

97
Q

What allows you to taste?

A

Taste buds and saliva

98
Q

What makes up saliva?

A

It’s 97-99% water

99
Q

What is 97-99.5% water?

A

Saliva

100
Q

Is saliva acidic or basic?

A

Saliva is slightly acidic

101
Q

What’s slightly acidic?

A

Saliva

102
Q

What do the enzymes in saliva do?

A

They analyze and lipase

103
Q

What analyzes and lipases food?

A

The enzymes in saliva

104
Q

What enzymes make up saliva?

A

Mucin, lysozyme, and IgA proteins

105
Q

What contains mucin, lysozymes, and IgA proteins?

A

Saliva

106
Q

Besides the main things, what else does saliva contain?

A

Metabolic waste and electrolytes

107
Q

What contains metabolic waste and electrolytes?

A

Saliva

108
Q

What interesting thing can scientists use saliva for?

A

Diagnostics

109
Q

What can be used for diagnostics?

A

Saliva

110
Q

How long is the esophagus?

A

25 centimeters long

111
Q

What organ is collapsed when inactive?

A

The esophagus

112
Q

What is a special feature of the esophagus?

A

It’s collapsed when inactive

113
Q

What joins the stomach at the cardiac oriface?

A

The esophagus

114
Q

Where does the esophagus end?

A

It ends when it joins the stomach at the cardiac oriface

115
Q

What sphincter is associated with the esophagus?

A

The cardiac sphincter

116
Q

How long is the stomach?

A

6 to 10 inches

117
Q

What’s the approximate volume of the stomach?

A

It’s about 50ml when empty and 2 liters full

118
Q

What’s a feature of ye stomach?

A

Rugae

119
Q

What’s rich in bicarbonate?

A

The mucosal barrier in the stomach

120
Q

What makes up the mucosal barrier in the stomach?

A

Epithelial cells with tight junctions

121
Q

What is made up of epithelial cells with tight junctions?

A

The mucosal barrier

122
Q

What is the mucosal barrier rich in?

A

Bicarbonate

123
Q

What continues the work of the oral cavity?

A

The stomach

124
Q

What does the stomach deliver?

A

It delivered chyme to the small intestine

125
Q

What delivers chyme?

A

The stomach delivers chyme to the small intestine

126
Q

What are the three phases of gastric secretion?

A

Licephalic, gastric, and intestinal

127
Q

What triggers the licephalic phase?

A

The smell of food, taste, sight, thought, etc

128
Q

What causes the licephalic phase?

A

The reflex in the hypothalamus

129
Q

How long is the gastric phase?

A

3-4 hours

130
Q

What is the main part of the gastric phase?

A

Digestive liquids

131
Q

What happens during the intestinal phase?

A

A surge following by gastric breaks

132
Q

In what secretion phase is there a surge followed by gastric breaks?

A

Intestinal

133
Q

Where is nutrients absorbed?

A

The small intestine

134
Q

What does the small intestine do?

A

Absorb nutrients

135
Q

How big is the small intestine?

A

2-4 meters long, 2.5 to 4 centimeters in diameter

136
Q

Where do accessory organs deposit their contents?

A

The duodenum of the small intestine

137
Q

What changes as you move down the small intestine?

A

The number of crypts, surface area, and microvilli decrease. The number of goblets and Peyers Patches increase

138
Q

What decreases as you move along the small intestine?

A

The number of crypts, surface area, and microvilli decrease

139
Q

What happens to the number of crypts, surface area, and microvilli as you move along the small intestine?

A

They decrease

140
Q

What increases as you move along the small intestine?

A

The number of goblets and Peyers Patches increase

141
Q

What happens to the number of goblets and Peyers Patches as you move along the small intestine?

A

They increase

142
Q

How much intestinal liquids are made daily?

A

1 to 2 liters

143
Q

What responds to the irritation of the intestinal tract?

A

The intestinal liquid, acidic chyme, is produced

144
Q

When is acidic chyme produced?

A

When the intestinal system is irritated

145
Q

Are intestinal liquids alkaline or non-alkaline?

A

Alkaline

146
Q

What’s alkaline?

A

The intestinal liquids

147
Q

What contains some mucus?

A

Intestinal liquids

148
Q

What do intestinal liquids contain some of?

A

Mucus

149
Q

What produces bile?

A

The liver

150
Q

What does bile do?

A

It emulsifies fat

151
Q

What does the liver do?

A

It produces bile

152
Q

What emulsifies fat?

A

Bile

153
Q

What surrounds the liver?

A

Visceral peritoneum

154
Q

What does the visceral peritoneum surround most of?

A

The liver

155
Q

What is composed of liver lobules?

A

The liver

156
Q

What shape are liver lobules?

A

Hexagonal

157
Q

What’s hexagonal in the intestinal system?

A

Liver lobules

158
Q

What has a central vein in the middle?

A

Liver lobules

159
Q

What do liver lobules have in the middle?

A

Liver lobules

160
Q

What do plates f hepatocytes comprise?

A

Liver lobules

161
Q

What are liver lobules made of?

A

Plates of hepatocytes

162
Q

Where is the hepatic triad located?

A

At each corner of the hexagon-shaped liver lobules

163
Q

What’s located at each corner of the hexagonal liver lobules?

A

A hepatic triad

164
Q

What makes up the hepatic triad?

A

The hepatic artery branch and portal, a vein branch, and a bile duct

165
Q

What do the hepatic artery branch and portal, a vein branch, and a bile duct make up?

A

The hepatic triad

High School Anatomy (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions