Respiratory Test Flashcards
What are the four main processes of respiration?
Pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, transport of respiratory gasses, and internal respiration
What is internal respiration?
The exchange of oxygen and CO2 between body cells and blood in the capillaries
What is the exchange of oxygen and CO2 between body cells and blood in the capillaries called?
Internal respiration
What is the transport of respiratory gases?
When blood transports CO2 to the lungs and oxygen to the body’s cells
What is pulmonary ventilation?
Inspiration and expiration in response to changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body
What is it called when blood transports CO2 to the lungs and oxygen to the body’s cells?
Transport of respiratory gases
What is inspiration and expiration in response to changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body called?
Pulmonary ventilation
What is external ventilation?
The exchange of oxygen and CO2 between alveoli/blood in the pulmonary capillaries
What is the exchange of oxygen and CO2 between alveoli/blood in the pulmonary capillaries called?
External respiration
What does boyle’s law state?
That volume changes lead to pressure changes which then lead to the flow of gasses
What law states that volume changes lead to pressure changes which then lead to the flow of gasses?
Boyle’s law
Describe inspiration
The diaphragm moves inferiorly, intercostal muscles lift the ribcage, and pressure decreases
What is inspiration?
Inhalation
What do intercostal muscles do?
They lift the ribcage during inspiration
When is there lower pressure in the lungs?
During inspiration
What does the diaphragm do during inspiration?
It moves inferiorly
What is expiration?
Exhalation
Describe expiration
It normally depends on lung elasticity, not muscle contraction
What depends on lung elasticity?
Expiration
Is breathing a positive or negative pressure system?
It’s a negative pressure ventilation system
What do the pleurae in general do?
They keep the lungs from separating or sticking
What is airway resistance?
It’s the friction versus the cross sectional area
What does alveolar surface tension do?
It tries to decrease alveolar size
What prohibits lung collapse?
Surfactant
What does surfactant do?
It prohibits lung collapse
What is lung compliance?
The stretchiness of lungs
What does the stretchiness of the lungs include?
Defensibility and alveolar surface tension
What measures the stretchiness of the lungs?
Lung compliance
How does oxygen bind with red blood cells?
Oxygen binds with the heme’s iron in red blood cells
What does oxygen bind with?
It binds with the heme’s iron in red blood cells
What is the plurae?
The surface of the lungs and diaphragm
How does the plurae help the lungs inflate?
The muscles pull on the visceral plurae, which then pulls on the fluid and on the parietal plurae.
What does the plurae do?
It inflates the lungs by reestablishing a vacuum
What is the average vital capacity?
4800ml
What is the average lung capacity?
5,500
What is the average tidal volume?
500
What does an increased temperature do?
It decreases the affinity for oxygen
What does a decreased pH do?
It decreases the affinity for oxygen
What does a decreased temperature do?
It increases the affinity for oxygen
What does an increased pH do?
It increases 02 affinity
Is temperature directly or inversely proportional to oxygen affinity?
Inversely
Is pH directly or inversely proportional to oxygen affinity?
Directly
Is CO2 partial pressure directly or inversely proportional to oxygen affinity?
Inversely
Is BPG directly or inversely proportional to oxygen affinity?
Inversely
